Theoretical Research On The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Phlegm In Danxi School

1 ObjectiveThis article is aiming to illustrate the theoretical framework of Phlegm Syndrome, which was studied by Zhu Danxi and his eight disciples. This research also introduces the academic inheritance progress until today. And the key content is the summary of theoretical innovation and refining Diagnosis law, including principles, methodology, recipels and pharmacy.2 Research Content2.1 Phlegm Syndrome of Zhu Danxi and clinical applicationsThis section mainly extracts and summarizes the diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome in terms of Danxi School. The main illustration contains the definition and clarification of Phlegm Syndrome, the formation and characters of Phlegm Syndrome, the pathogenic characters and etiology of Phlegm Syndrome, differentiating analysis and treatment principles of Phlegm Syndrome, herbal prescriptions and innovative pharmaceutical therapy of Phlegm Syndrome. This part gives a comprehensive review, analysis and summary from Zhu Danxi and his disciples’ancient works, which involve medical theory of diagnosis and treatment of medical notes from phlegm diagnosis and clinical syndrome. The main discussion is based on typicial consilia from the stroke of diagnosis and treatment of phlegm, dizziness, gout, coughing, choking diaphragm, gonorrhea, madness, product, menstrual disease of 9 kinds of disease characteristics.2.2 The academic inheritance and theoretical improvement of Danxi priciplesThis section refines theory of phlegm syndrome diagnosis and treatment from Danxi’s disciples. The main clarification contains the theory of phlegm syndrome characteristics, clinical diagnosis and treatment characteristics, academic inheritance and improvement, and the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment based on specific consilia.3 Research Methods3.1 Method of medicine historiographyBy longitudinal investigation, collating literatures and investigating the inheritance relationship of Danxi School, this part clarifies the origination of Phlegm Syndrome treatment, and refines theroritical characteristics of other school on Phlegm Syndrome and clinical characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome. As a result, this reveals the features of academic inheritance of Danxi School.3.2 Method of PhilologyBased on "Chinese medical books", "dictionary of Chinese medical books and other references, medical books directory of Danxi School is determined. The publish books of Danxi School are determined by "the new China 60 years subclass". Existing unpublished books of Danxi School are determined by "China traditional medicine ancient subclass". As a result, the scope of the available raw materials is finally determined. By searching relevant information of Danxi School in terms of phlegm syndrome diagnosis and treatment, the article takes categorization according to dacades and contents. For other medical school theories involved, this research gives clearly academic origin, inheritance development, and academic influence by further consulting the original documents. Furthermore, in-depth reading on works of Danxi School and other related schools gives a more clearly academic origins and academic innovation of Danxi School, by quoting, and transcripting, respectively.3.3 Theoretical Analysis and Inductive MethodThis research method contains systematic and comprehensive analysis of relevant theory and clinical application of Danxi School and other schools diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome. The research extracts the basic theory and clinical application law of diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome in Danxi School by summarizing the theoretical innovation and refining Diagnosis law, including principles, methodology, recipels and pharmacy.Refining and summarizing basic theoretical framework on Danxi school’diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome. Specifically stating the meaning and classification of sputum; the formation and characteristics of sputum; the main pathogenic characteristics of sputum; the examination and differentiation of phlegm syndrome; the etiology and pathogenesis of phlegm syndrome; the treatment principles and specific therapies of phlegm syndrome; the common principles of formulating prescription of phlegm syndrome; the use of the main characteristics in expectorant drugs.Comprehensively reorganizing analyzing and summarizing the clinical cases and relevant experience on diagnosis and treatment of phlegm in Danxi school. Specially illuminating the differentiation law, their specific therapies, prescription characteristics of stroke, dizziness, gout, cough, dysphagia, turbidity caused by sputum, analyzing the influence of Theory Yin of Danxi School on diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome.4 Results4.1 Zhu Danxi’s Theoretical Characteristics of Phlegm Syndrome(1) Concept of Phlegm By Danxi School thinks, "phlegm" is due to exogenous, internal injuries and other factors, cause human body spleen deficient, Qi depression, viscera of estrangement, fluid accumulation; Phlegm stop in the body, or invaded by complex sense, or medicine, or mutual junction of phlegm and blood stasis, etc., can lead to a variety of disease,called Phlegm Syndrome.(2) Formation and Feature of Phlegm Phlegm can accumulate gradually, move with the gas, flow of accidents, be viscous stalemate,dirty corruption, and pathogenic weird.(3) Etiology and Pathogenesis of Phlegm Syndrome On account of etiology and pathogenesis, phlegm syndrome can be divided into wet phlegm, hot phlegm, wind phlegm, dry phlegm, cold phlegm, phlegm and blood stasis, food phlegm.(4) Differentiating Syndromes of Phlegm Syndrome Differentiating syndromes is calssified by the cause, the position, the pulse and the symptoms.(5) Therapeutic Principles and Methods of Phlegm Syndrome Therapeutic Principles include finding the originate cause, protecting the Qi and blood, taking care of the body. Methods include guiding Qi, tonifying spleen, drying wet, vomiting Phlegm, diarrhea, clearing heat, warming cold, dispelling wind, enhancing digestion, softening hardness and so on.(6) Use of Phlegm Formula Make up the formula flexibly. Change ancient formula in order to suit the current diseases. Choose appropriate formula according to different syndromes. All the formula can be divided into 13 types, in accordance with the methods.(7) Use of Expectorant Drugs Distinguish the difference between the strength of the drugs. Choose appropriate drugs according to different syndromes and positions. All the expectorant drugs can be divided into 4 types, including warming cold phlegm drugs, clearing heat phlegm drugs, softening hardness drugs, enhancing digestion drugs.(8) Phlegm Syndrome for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Comprehensively reorganizing analyzing and summarizing the clinical cases and relevant experience on diagnosis and treatment of phlegm in Danxi school, illuminating the differentiation law, specific therapies, prescription characteristics of stroke, dizziness, gout, cough, dysphagia, turbidity, irregular menstruation caused by Phlegm.4.2 Zhu Danxi’s disciple Theoretical Characteristics of Phlegm SyndromeEach school from Danxi, academic thinking about phlegm syndrome were originated from Danxi, but at the same time they have their own academic characteristics, especially in many theoretical innovation and contribution. Among them, there are mainly eight physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome, have certain academic achievement and academic influence.(1) Dai Sigong interprets the concepts of phlegm syndrome, adds phlegm syndrome pathogenesis, pulse characteristics, treatment. (2) Liu Chun enriches the phlegm syndrome classification and treatment. (3) Lou Ying pays attention to a specific description of phlegm syndrome symptoms and signs. (4) Xu Yanchun divides phlegm syndrome into ten categories. (5) Yu Tuan views lung and spleen health as phlegm pathogenesis. (6) Wang Lun views spleen and kidney as pathogenesis, summarizes the eight kind of phlegm syndrome treatment. (7) Wang Ji thinks internal and external cause, five different qi lead to phlegm syndrome. (8) Sun Yikui recognizes the etiology and pathogenesis of phlegm syndrome, acknowledges the high value of the phlegm syndrome treatment.Among them, through the direct and indirect imparting by Danxi, make its theory and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment of phlegm syndrome, in the disciple to inherit and carry forward.4.3 Danxi school characteristics of phlegm syndrome diagnosis and treatment(1) Emphasis on fat people who tend to have wet and phlegm in body, pay attention to the constitution factor for the formation of phlegm syndrome. (2) Analysis phlegm syndrome causes carefully, highlight the phlegm pathogenesis of spleen deficient and gas disease. (3) Claim that a lot of diseases are caused by phlegm and treat different clinical department disease from phlegm. (4) Recognize phlegm syndrome types, distinguish syndrome characteristic and division of performance; (5) Choose appropriate method, enrich the therapeutic principles and methods of phlegm syndrome. (6) Use of phlegm formula and expectorant drugs accurately, which is awarded by later generations.5 ConclusionsThis research mainly discusses on theroretical features and clinical characters of nine doctors from Danxi School, and clarifies theoretical framework of Phlegm Syndrome and academic inheritance progress, which was studied by Zhu Danxi and his eight disciples.(1) Danxi put forward some new concepts, new proposition and new theories, and special clinical experience, create a new world of phlegm syndrome. Zhu Danxi’s disciple inherit and develop Danxi theory, which making the theory improve and perfect. The theory received extensive attention of the later generations and make the whole phlegm theory progess.(2) Theory of phlegm syndrome diagnosis and treatment of Danxi school, mainly includes the following points:Phlegm is the pathological products of body fluid induced by moods diet and outside disorder. It can cause a series of disease, called Phlegm Syndrome. Danxi school argue that a lot of diseases are caused by phlegm, and treating Qi and spleen is the most effective way. They use 13 therapeutic methods and prescriptions. In addition, They summarized many herbs that good at eliminating phlegm.(3)Danxi school characteristics of phlegm syndrome diagnosis and treatment.① Emphasis on fat people tend to have wet and phlegm, pay attention to the constitution factor of phlegm syndrome. ② Analysis phlegm syndrome causes carefully, highlight the phlegm pathogenesis of spleen deficient and Qi disease. ③ Claim that a lot of diseases are caused by phlegm and treat different clinical department disease from phlegm. ④ Recognize phlegm syndrome types, distinguish syndrome characteristic and division of performance; ⑤ Choose appropriate method, enrich the therapeutic principles and methods of phlegm syndrome. ⑥ Use of phlegm formula and expectorant drugs accurately, which is awarded by later generations.(4) As a result, this plays a pioneering role in the construction of phlegm syndrome diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical treatment based on syndrome differentiation.