| Hemerocallis citrina is a popular vegatables with a long history, widespread in China and southeast asia region. For a long time, there is only primary processing products for H. citrina, making a state of low economic efficiency. H. citrina is considered possessing unique neuropharmacological activities such as antidepressant and hypnotic effect by not only traditional medicine in China and Asia but also modern clinical medicine. However, so for few studies have been repoted. The lack of systematic and in-depth study on H. citrina has become a main obstacle to use of this tremendous resource. In this paper, in order to investigate the neuropharmacology functions of H, citrina, neuropharmacology features, key active substances, related mechanism, food safety, active substances extract, and side-product polysaccharides comprehensive development were systematically studied, all of which needed badly to explore. The main results are as follows:(1) The hydroalcoholic extracts of H. Citrina had oral antidepressant activities, among which extract with75%ethanol (HCE75) showed the most activity. Rutin and hesperidin were believed as the key active substances all antidepressant efficacy of H. Citrina. On the states that proportion of rutin and hesperidin in HCE7575:21.5(w/w), and50:50(w/w) and21.5:75, they all showed antagonism, with interactive coefficients1.87,1.64and1.44, respectively, which were likely due to the mutual interference between diffuse neurotransmitters signal paths, and/or the competing in the absorption and metabolism phase between flavonoid glycosides. At400mg/g dose, HCE75reached its highest effect, which was still significantly lower than the effect of fluoxetine, the positive control. Brain chemical analysis showed that the related region of HCE75neuropharmacology effect were the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, and the related diffuse neurotransmitter systems were5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) systems, not including norepinephrine system. In tail suspension tests and forced swimming tests in mice, the oral administration of HCE75at800mg/kg or higher doses showed rebound phenomena in the immobility time, namely U-shaped dose-response profile, which should not be due to the decrease in antidepressant effect of HCE75. The antidepressant effect of HCE75directly depended on the5-HT1A,5-HT2A and/or5-HT2c signal paths of5-HT system, the D1and D2signal paths of DA system.(2) The hydroalcoholic extracts of H. Citrina had no oral, but intraperitoneal hypnotic activities, among which HCE75showed the most activity. Rutin and hesperidin were believed as the related key active substances. At800mg/g dose, HCE75reached its highest effect, which was still significantly lower than the effect of diazepam, the positive control. The neuropharmacological mechanism of such effect was as same as clear ones of rutin and hesperidin, other than the classic GABAA-BZD signaling path. Long-term (21d) oral administration of1600mg/kg and3200mg/kg dose of HCE75could strengthen brainderived neurotrophic factor and5-HT systems in mice, that caused a long-term sleep-promoting activity, basically fitting the demonstration in traditional medicine in China. However, no similar activity was observed in a intraperitoneal administration process. (3) It is easy for HCE75to absorb moisture, which seriously disturbs its industrial application and development. The adsorption isotherm of HCE75was builded by GAB model. Gordon-Taylor model was used to investigate the plasticizing effect of adsorbed water. All of that provide parameter index for productization. The fitting results showed that, at5,25and35℃, the critical moisture contents for ensuring stable chemical property of HCE75were2.56,2.51and2.23g water/100g dry basis, while that for ensuring stable physical state of HCE75were4.87,3.22and2.49g water/100g dry basis, respectively.(4) It is worthy for comprehensive development to study the optimization of extracting polysaccharides from the residue after producting HCE75, which was made by the response surface methodology with central composite design. The optimal parameters were88℃for extraction temperature,115min for extraction time, and27for liquid material ratio, under which the yield of polysaccharides of H. Citrina (PHC) was28.0±2.5%, where the total sugar content was89.6±3.2%, protein content was0.8±0.1%, and uronic acid content was12.2±1.3%. PHC was acidic pectin-like polysaccharide with few impurities, and had an antioxidant activity by blocking radical chain reactions. While it lacked of the ability of scavenging H2O2and Fe2+, both of which could simply incur radical chain reactions, itwas good at inhibiting lipid peroxidation leading by radical chain reactions. |
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