The Response Of Cinara Formosana (Homoptera:Lachnidae) To Temperature And Induced Resistance Of Chinese Pine

Chinese pine, Pirtus tabuliformis, is one of the forestation species in the ’Three North’area. Pests of the pine outbreaked due to the climate change and human disturbance, the large pine aphid, Cinara formosana, is one of the most dangerous of those pests. It is necessary to make clear the relationship between the aphid occurrence and temperature and induced resistance of Chinese pine in order to control C. formosana effectively. In this research, developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature were measured and the population dynamic, natural enemy species and life history were investigated. The induced resistance of Pinus tabuliformis and its effects on the C. formosana were studied also.The main results as followed:1. The nymph developmental duration had a parabolic curvilinear response to temperature at the range of 13℃ to 29℃. The optimal temperature for the aphid development and reproduction is 21℃. The aphid had the shortest developmental duration and gave highest birth of nymph and biggest rm value at the temperature of 21℃. High temperature was not good for the reproduction of the aphid and it could not give any birth of nymph at 29℃. The developmental threshold temperature of nymph is 4.5℃ and effective accumulated temperature is 258 day-degree.2. C. formosana could complete 8 generations a year by parthenogenesis in Hohhot region and reproduce sexually in autumn, with egg overwintering. The predatory and parasitic natural enemys of C. formosana are Coccinella septempunctata, Harmonia axyridis, Synharmonia bissexnotata, Anatis ocellata, Matasyrphus corolla and Aphidiidae etc.3. The contents of soluble sugar and protein decreased significantly after jasmonic acid induced and damaged by aphids. The content of soluble sugar increased with the time of jasmonic acid treatment extending. The content of soluble sugar increased at beginning and then decreased with prolonging days treated with the aphid. The content of protein increased formerly, and dropped later when applied with jasmonic acid. The content of protein was fluctuant variation with the extension of the aphid damaging.4. The contents of tannin and flavone increased after treated by two ways. The content of tannin increased at beginning and then decreased after induced by them. The content of flavone increased and then decreased after induced by jasmonic acid, and decreased with the extension of the aphid damaging.5. The activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) increasing with the extension of the aphid damaging and jasmonic acid treatment. The activity of PPO was fluctuant variation after treated by two ways. The activity of peroxidase (POD) was not affected by Jasmonic acid. The activities of POD and PAL increased at beginning then dropped after treated with the aphid. The activity of PAL increased at beginning and then decreased when applied with jasmonic acid.6. The activities of trypsin inhibitors (TI) and chymotrpsin inhibitors (CI) increased when treated by jasmonic acid and the aphid. The activities of TI and CI increased at beginning and then decreased when treated by them.7. Jasmonic acid treatment had no distinct effect on the nymph developmental duration of C. formosana. The fecundity of C. formosana decreased and adult longevity shortened after treated with two ways. Jasmonic acid had no obvious effect on the MRGR of C. formosana. The MRGR was lower than the control on the 10th.