| Inonotus obliquus (Ach.ex Pers.) Pilat is a rare medicinal fungi and has potentiality of development. Sclerotium is medicinal part, it can prevent and cure of many diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, etc. The rate of cure diabetes can reach to 93%. It also has certain anti-tumor activity. With the improvement of people’s living standard, the demand for raw materials is increasing year by year. Due to the biological characteristics and quality are different amang different Inonotus obliquus strains, the development of Inonotus obliquus has been seriously restricted. In order to give play to the resource advantage of Inonotus obliquus, different Inonotus obliquus strains were evaluated and mineral elements enrichment were researched. The main results were as follows:1. The SRAP and ITS molecular marker was applied to identify 22 Inonotus obliquus strains, the results showed that the strains of HLJ01, JL01, JL02, JL03, JL04, JL05, Z2 CX02, FH, NBRC9788, MAFF420239, MAFF420102, MAFF420243 and MAFF420279 express very close genetic relationship. There were seven strains from China, one from North Korea, one from Finland, one from the United States, four from Japan. Strains of MAFF420256 and HE showed inconsistent results between two methods. MAFF410028 and NBRC8681 showed a close genetic relationship in ITS analysis, but MAFF410028 was grouped separately in SRAP analysis. MAFF420348 and MAFF420165 showed a close genetic relationship in two methods. MAFF420198 also showed different results in two analysis methods. Two kinds of molecular markers showed that genetic relationship of strain from China were close. Relationship of strains from Japan was complex. This showed that the genetic relationship was related to geographical latitude. Japan’s geographic latitude has big difference, the strains relationship were complex and some strains showed distant relationship. Due to China and North Korea geographic latitude is same, the strains from China and North Korea showed a close genetic relationship.2. In this paper, biological characteristics of different Inonotus obliquus was studied. It included microstructure, antagonistic, sclerotium cultivation, influence of different growth regulator on extracellular enzyme activity, etc. The results showed that the strain diameter of JL01 was maximum (4.20 μm) closed to the diameter of MAFF420101, the strain diameter of JL01 and MAFF420101 were significantly better than the others. FH strains expressed strong ability of antagonism penicillium, the growth of FH mycelia was the strongest, mycelia circle diameter up to 53.27 mm. The cultivation experiment results showed that the biological characters of FH were optimal. Its sclerotium dry weight was 25.81 g/bag and biological efficiency was 26.12%. The activity of FP enzyme and CMC enzyme were the highest when added 2,4-D, up to 8.12 U/g and 13.11 U/g, respectively. Amylase activity of KT treatment was the highest. Extracellular protease activity of 6-BA processing in each periods were significantly better than the other treatments, can reach to 107 U/g in sclerotia maturity. To sum up, JL01, MAFF420102, FH and HE were suitable for artificial cultivation. The characteristics of NBRC8681, MAFF420256, NBRC9788, MAFF420239 and MAFF410028 were poor, they were not suitable for artificial cultivation.3. The effective components, mineral elements and nutrition content were analyzed, the results showed that betulin content of JLOlwas the highest (23.7 mg/g) and the next was FH. The betulin content of MAFF420165 and MAFF420348 were low, they were not suitable for production. The polysaccharide content of FH was the highest(9.7%), significantly better than the others, it was the most ideal and good strains to develop polysaccharide. The calcium content of NBRC9788 was the highest (3.49 mg/g), significantly better than others. The second was FH. The phosphorus content of MAFF420165 was the highest (210.12μg/g), significantly superior to other strains. The free water content of FH was the highest, reached to 77.21%, significantly better than others. The bound water content of JL01 was the highest, up to 10.74%, significant differences among other strains. Crude fat and crude protein in FH were the highest,1.93% and 20.23%, respectively. The content of crude ash of MAFF420165 was the highest and had reached to 8.76%. Crude fiber content was the highest in JL01 which comes from China, its content reached to 45.09%.To sum up, the strains effective composition content of FH, JL01 and MAFF420165 were higher, they were suitable for exploitation. The strain of NBRC8681, MAFF420101 MAFF420348 and MAFF420239 showed low effective component content.4. The influence of different mineral elements of Ca, Fe, and Zn on strains were studied. The results showed that when 1000 mg/L Ca(NO3)2 was added in the medium, it could obviously promoted the mycelial growth and yield, calcium enrichment rate could be as high as 0.07%. The best source of Fe was Fe2(SO4)3, the best concentration was 300 mg/L, the enrichment rate was 0.29%, better than other processing. The growth was the strongest when add 175 mg/L ZnSO4 The enrichment rate was up to 0.57%. The antioxidant activity was better in 300 mg/L Fe2 (SO4)3 treatment. Enrichment of mineral elements zinc for reducing power increase and mineral elements calcium for against yolk lipid clearance were most obviously improved. When 1000 mg/L Ca (NO3)2 was used, birch fiber strain of crude polysaccharide, sucrose, fructose content were the highest,15.63%,14.76%,13.08%, respectively. When mineral elements 300 mg/L Fe2 (SO4)3 was applied, amino acid, crude fat, crude ash content were the highest. When mineral elements 175 mg/L ZnSO4 was used, the content of filter paper cellulose and protease activity were the highest. When 1000 mg/L Ca (NO3)2 was used, the activity of carboxymethyl cellulose and amylase was the highest. |
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