Investigation And Research On Woody Energy Plant Wild Apricot

Taking wild apricot as the research object, this paper made clear of the definite distribution regions in China in 2008 and 2009 on the basis of a systematic and comprehensive investigation of its resource distribution, and made categorization of the types according to the natural characters. The comprehensive evaluation system of Armeniaca was worked out. By the synthesized grade and key factor control method chose superior standing forest superior types and superior trees and analyzed the phenotype characteristic.The papers also made research on the commodity economic properties. The results are as follows:(1) Three kinds of wild apricot distribute vastly in our country. The Armeniaca sibirica scatters in warm zone and warm temperate zone in China spans from 37°17′N to 50°24′N latitude and from 105°56′E to 130°20′E longitude including 11 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)of China. The hills, coteau, fixation and sem-fixation sandland are its centralized distribution region.The Armeniaca mandshurica scatters in warm zone and cool temperate zone in northeast 3 provinces sunny slope of China. The geographic distribution of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu is most broad and is found everywhere in warm zone,warm temperate, cool temperate and plateau sub-warm zone in China spans from 25°52′N to 46°38′N latitude and from 82°06′E to 131°08′E longitude including 20 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions) of China. The hills, coteau, ravines and gullies are its centralized distribution region.(2) The distribution north boundary line of Armeniaca sibirica was the line Genhe of Inner Mongolia autonomous region-Heihe of Heilongjiang Province, east boundary line was the line Linkou of Heilongjiang Province-Changchun of Jilin Province-Shenyang of Liaoning Province-Huludao of Liaoning Province, and south boundary line was the line Baoding of Hebei Province-Heshun of Shanxi Province-Yulin of Shanxi Province-Zhongwei Ningxia autonomous region. The Armeniaca mandshurica is dispersed in the Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang Province. The distribution north boundary line of Armeniaca vulgaris var. ansu was the line Hegang-Shuileng-Qiqihaer of Heilongjiang Province-Huolinguole-Balinyou-Zhengxiangbai-Siziwang-Linhe-Alashanzuo-Alashanyou of Inner Mongolia autonomous region-Jinta of Gansu Province –Hami –Qitai –Tacheng of Xinjiang autonomous region and south boundary line was the line Xuzhou of Jiangsu Province –Shangqiu –Xuchang –Luanchuan of Hehan Province –Hanzhong of Shanxi Province –Chengdu –Xichang –Panzhihua of Sichuan Province –Dali of Yunnan Province.(3)The horizontal distribution outline in China runs from north-east toward south-west and stands for a continuous feature as a whole, while discontinuous in part. The upper and lower bounds of vertical distribution of three Armeniaca plants in China appears a trend of gradual fall from west toward east, while this trend is not so obvious from south toward north.(4) According to the distribution density and the quantity of resource of wild apricot, its whole distribution in China can be categorized into three kinds of regions, centralized distribution region, secondary centralized distribution region and scattered distribution region. The most centralize region of wild apricot in china is distributed in the southeast foot of Daxinganling mountain. It has 2,266,700hm2 area and produce almost 152,000 t apricot pit per year.The secondary centralized distribution region has almost 853,400 hm2 area all kinds of mixed forest and produce about 40,500 t almond each year.(5) Based on investigation and analysis, the comprehensive evaluation system of superior traits of wild apricot was set up with the method of analytic hierarchy process(AHP), which were composed of the grade system, the grade of subsystem and the grade of indicator, according to the energy tree’s characteristics as well as principle of indicator system for assessment.(6) According to superior standing forest selective standard of wild apricot, 5 Armeniaca sibirica, 1 Armeniaca mandshurica and 1 Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu superior standing forests have been chosen out. They are respectively: Armeniaca sibirica pure forest, A. sibirica +Ostryopsis davidiana mixed forest, A. sibirica +Pinus tabulaeformis mixed forest, A. sibirica + Spiraea spp. mixed forest, A. sibirica + Ziziphus jujube mixed forest, A. mandshurica+ Quercus mongolica mixed forest and A. vulgaris+ Malus sieversii mixed forest.(7) According to superior types selective standard of wild apricot, 8 superior types have been chosen out. The big cordiform kernel type and middle elliptic kernel type are the superior types of Armeniaca sibirica in the south foot of Daxinganling Mountain. The small ovate kernel type belongs to the superior type of Armeniaca sibirica in the north Changbai Mountain. The middle cordiform kernel type and big cordiform kernel types are the superior types of Armeniaca sibirica in the south foot of Yan Mountain and the north Taihang Mountain. The big obovate kernel type belong to the superior type of Armeniaca mandshurica in the middle and north of Changbai Mountain. The small obovate kernel type and middle obovate kernel type are the superior types of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu in the loess coteau of west Henan.(8) During the two years, 178 preliminary superior trees were selected in three Armeniaca plants. The final reelection result is 17 Armeniaca sibirica, 9 Armeniaca mandshurica and 7 Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu. Superior trees amount to 40.The Oil yield per unit area of 33 final reelection superior trees are higher than average preliminary superior trees above 25%, and they can be popularized by clone means in the locality. The superficial character of wild apricot superior trees can be as the reference in the future interrelated study and production practice..(9) The most condensed resource of Armeniaca in China is distributed in the centralized distribution region, which mainly covers the Armeniaca sibirica pure forest, Armeniaca sibirica +Ostryopsis davidiana and Armeniaca sibirica+Pinus tabulaeformis mixed forest, and is very suitable for the development of the energy forest of Armeniaca for biodiesel.(10) The length of the carbon chain of biodiesel, produced out of the oil of Armeniaca, is near to that of the main components of the normal diesel. The oil of different distribution region of Armeniaca sibirica and Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu accord with Germany biodiesel standards and the Armeniaca mandshurica accord with EU biodiesel standards.