Bryophytes Biodiversity And Related Taxonomy Studies In Wudalianchi Volcano, Heilongjiang, China

More than2500bryophytes specimens were collected from Wudalianchi Volcanos, Heilongjiang, China. They present47classes,128genera and286species. One genus and23species are new to Heilongjiang Province. According to "The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants" presented by Wu Zheng Yi,8types of the bryoflora in Wudalianchi Volcanos are recongnized. North Temperate, East Asian and Endemic to China elements are dominated and account for45.10%,20.28%and3.50%, repectively. These results show an obvious temperate trait and typical East Asian characteristic. Compared with other eight areas of China (included Daqing Mt., Helan Mt., Guancen Mt., Qilaotu Mt., Eastern Tianshan Mt., Changbai Mt. and West Tianmu Mt.), the bryoflora of Wudalianchi Volcanos is the closest to Daqing Mt., Helan Mt., Guancen Mt., Qilaotu Mt. and Changbai Mt., is closer to Eastern Tianshan Mt. and Helan Mt., is farther from West Tianmu Mt..According to the last eruption date of the14volcanos, we divide all the volcanos into five periods:280-290years ago(Heilong Mt. and Huoshao Mt.), one hundred and sixty thousand to one hundred and seventy thousand years ago(Bijia Mt., East Longmen Mt., West Longmen Mt., Xiaogu Mt.), three hundred and forty thousand to four hundred and thirty thousand years ago(East Jiaodebu Mt., West Jiaodebu Mt., Wohu Mt., South Gelaqiu Mt., North Gelaqiu Mt.), five hundred and ten thousand to six hundred thousand years ago (Wei Mt., Molabu Mt.) and nine hundred and twenty thousand years ago(Yaoquan Mt.). By comparing characteristics of dominant families and genera different volcanos, we found that the number of bryophytes species have trended down from new volcanos to old volcanos. In some special habitats, there are many special bryophytes species such as Porella and Sphagnum. The distributions of bryophytes species mainly depend on the habitat, human destruction will destroy the bryophyte biodiversity.According to vegetation composition, growth substratum, water status and the investigation on the habitats, we divide the habitat type into6types:rock, soil, tree, decaying wood, water and swamp. By comparing the percentage of bryophytes species in6habitats in all species, we found that the species of rock habitat are more than soil, the soil more than tree, the tree more than decaying wood, the decaying wood more than water and the water more than swamp.By investigating the habitats included Larch forest, White birch forest, Mongolian oak forest, Coniferous and Broad-leaved mixed forest, rocks, Fanhua lava, Jieqiao lava, Volcanic lapilli, wet ground and river valley, we choose38sampling points and investigated the bryophytes coverage and the number of species. We found that the bryophytes species in forest are scarce but form large areas of pure bryophytes species floors and the highest coverage is up to84%. The variety of species are high in the clefts of rocks and the bryophytes coverage on rock are up to43%-70%. The bryophytes species grow chiefly on rock and grow less on soil and grow rarely on trees. The species of Sphagnum are mainly grow in swamp. The results showed that the species diversity are highest in clefts. These habitat are not suitable for angiosperm to live but are suitable for bryophytes to live because of the stable rock habitat in forest.We also conducted several taxonomic studies during the specimens identification. The genus Abietinella is revised for North China by morphology, biogeography and molecular data. The results indicated that A. abietina and A. histricosa had different geographical distribution, comparison of morphology and biogeography between Abietinella abietina and Abietinella histricosa are provided. Abietinella histricosa var. wudalianchianus X.L.Bai, C.Feng&J.Kou as a new variety is described and illustrated. A key to the species of Abietinella are also provided. The systematic position of Abietinella histricosa var. wudalianchianus is closely related to Abietinella histricosa by molecular evidence based on the Maximum parsimony(MP) analyses and Bayesian analysis of ITS、trnL-F and rps4sequences.