| Increasing the contact between urban and rural passenger transport systems, especially within the rural area, is conductive to enable the free flow of elements of production and promote urban-rural coordination. For the low service level of rural area especially in rural township (town) and the great difference between urban and rural passenger transport, the paper takes mode choice, order, line and station arrangement, safety, license permit system, subsidy policy of passenger transport and how it guides rural development into consideration. In order to offer a conception and theoretic basis to the enhancement of rural passenger transport service level and choice of the transport development orientation, the author made a in-depth research of how to build a sustainable, affordable, accessible, adequate and reliable and conductive passenger transport service system under the idea of urban-rural coordination. The paper's main jobs, innovations and conclusions are as follow:1. The paper establishes the interaction analysis theory between road passenger transport and urban-rural development, and evaluation indices system and model of urban and rural highway passenger transport (RHPT) basic public services equalization as well. The theory and methodology of coordinated development of rural road passenger under the guide of ideas of urban-rural coordination is also established. Details are as follow:â‘ The paper researches the interactions of rural and rural passenger transport, urban and urban passenger transport, urban-rural development and highway passenger transport by systems archetypes theory; and makes a clear emphasis on passenger transport in urban and rural development. Systems archetypes theory can capture the overall urban and rural interaction between the various subsystems.â‘¡Using the hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the author develops an evaluation indices system and model from two dimensions- public property and basic service level; And based on the evaluation method, he makes a quantitative evaluation of urban-rural highway passenger transport equalization of basic public services. It is found in the evaluation result that there is a significant difference of the passenger transport service level between urban and rural area. Therefore, the author establishes the goal of rural highway passenger transport development under urban-rural coordination orientation.2. The paper establishes the analysis theory of passenger transport mode structure based on the needs of passengers. According to utility maximization and travel costs affordable theory; and using random utility theory, it builds a mode choice behavior model of rural passengers based on the disaggregated individual travel behavior model and passenger needs, with which the author makes six typical case study of rural passengers'trip model. The results show that travel cost and distance are two key factors the affect the structure of rural road passenger transport mode. For this reason, to allow low-end and low-cost tricycles legally used in rural passenger transport is a better policy. And with travel demands slowly transfer from function to comfort, tricycles will be gradually replaced by four-wheel vehicles so as to upgrade achieve rural passenger transport market upgrade.3. The paper establishes a rural highway passenger transport order improvement model. Based on the theories of entropy and dissipative structure, the paper creates an entropy model of rural passenger transport system and a evolution model of RHPT order; and analyzes the entropy and order evolution of the rural passenger transport system separately; the paper also dose a case study and verification of order improvement plan using the two models respectively. Both results agree that the gradual phasing of non-formal vehicles is better than the direct way. The former is more effective in order improvements, is less conflict and easier to implement. And it is sustainable as well.4. The paper establishes an optimization theory of RHPT service system based on urban-rural orientation.â‘ In order to improve the accessibility and affordable nature of passenger services, a method for RHPT route optimization is established based on the compactness theory and operating costs analysis, and examples are verified. Compactness is a index which measures the traffic convenience of link nodes within the region from accessibility aspect, and can reflect the accessibilities of routes very well; Studies have shown that a circular route has the highest compact lowest operating costs among the three modes (radial, regional and circular).â‘¡To enhance the reliability of passenger service, the author designs Rural Bus Safety Audit (RBSA) mode. The difference between RBSA and safety audits in other fields is that the former makes clear that key point of the safety audit is people.â‘¢So as to enhance the sustainability of passenger service, the author proposes a new additional station, which is call classâ…¥and can meet the minimum requirements of RHPT, following the five classification of passenger transport station, together with its scale and layout; a new system of license permit and management is also established to improve operation flexibility.â‘£To improve affordable nature of passenger service, the author studies the necessity and modes of RHPT public financial subsidy based on principles of economics, from the aspects of product attributes and external economic benefit of rural road passenger transport services. He proposes that cross-subsidy mode is the best in current situation where there are insufficient financial resources.5. A theory that rural passenger transport guides rural development is established. In order to build a more guidable RHPT system, based on economic potential theory, rural bus-oriented development model (RBOD) is proposed; using TOD theory and based on accessibility the author designs rural area units (village) construction mode and the village development system based on RBOD. TOD (Public Transport-Oriented Development) model has already been proved a very good practice in urban cities, so similarly the rural passenger transport can also draw the scattered villages together, and relying on good traffic conditions to format of strong points, to guide rural development. Empirical analysis shows, RBOD model can promote the building of new countryside and rural urbanization primly; and it is of great help to raise the equalization of basic public services; it is an effective way to balance urban and rural development and settle the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers as well.
|
PDF Full Text Request