The Research On The Resource Pressure Aggregate And Industrial Structure In Chinese Economic Development

The Chinese economy achieved fast growth and tremendous success in the past decades. However the cost of resource and environment was extremely high. Propelled by the demand of the economic growth, the scale of resource development and utilization of our country has the expanded tendency, the contradiction between supply and demand of resources and degeneration of the ecological environment become an outstanding issue. It had became one of frontier topics and significant focuses within the context of resource and sustainable development for the past few years that how to monitor and measure the impact and influence on the ecological environment when human utilizing natural resources, obtaining access to the ecological services function nature provides, keeping the economic development on the track of resources dematerialization and environmental depressurization gradually.Ecological footprint is such an integrated indicator to measure the utilization of resource and the effect on the ecological environment. Ecological footprint method has been further developed since early 1990s when it was introduced. Because the consumption of resources in economic system is following industrial production and consumptive activity, through the industrial ecological footprint analysis, particularly based on input-output analysis, can not only disclose the economic system's resource pressure aggregate, structure and characteristic, but also reflect the relation and influence between the final demand and industrial ecological footprint. Therefore, the research of industrial ecological footprint is to understand the relation between economic development and resource utilization and to solve China's resource and environmental issues have an important practical significance. Based on the above consideration, this research attempts to reveal economic system's resource pressure aggregate and its interrelated industrial structure question, through discussing correlation between industrial economic and resource utilization, constructing industrial ecological footprint analysis model, thereby analyzing resource pressure situation which the Chinese economic development and the industrial production and consumption activity made. This research provides a new way of thinking in order to understand and have insight into resource pressure and the mutual influence relations that the economic development and the industrial structure change brings, and lays a certain foundation for the systematic research of the industrial ecological footprint. It is not only the innovation under the unification of ecological footprint and industrial development, but also the new expansion of resource pressure areas. The valuable references have been provided for the formulation of policy and measures of resource utilization at the certain economic stage.First, resource pressure analysis indexes, such as intensity, efficiency and elastic index, are established by unifying indexes of economic development and ecological footprint. Based on that and corresponding relation between resource utilization and the lands type of ecological footprint, and the idea of the total allocation, computation model of the industrial ecological footprint is built. It provides a new way to solve the problems of the industrial constitution of ecological footprint in the economic system.To further study the origin, the drive and the effect,which make resource pressure aggregate change, analyze influence factors on resource utilization, this paper make use of the principle of structure decomposition analysis (SDA), unified ecological footprint and the classical environmental effect and the sustainable appraisal equality, namely IPAT's thought, built the industrial ecological footprint decomposition model so as to analyze the influence on the overall resource pressure which are brought by various factors change such as scale structure, and efficiency, and then reflect resource pressure change effect in industrial development process.To thoroughly analyze the influence of the final demand change in Chinese economic system on industrial ecological footprint and its interrelation, clearly recognize resource pressure aggregate and the industrial structure situation, an ecological footprint model is constructed based on the input-output analysis method. This model has the strong superiority to analyze the mutual influence relations between final demand and the industrial ecological footprint, and may use in calculating and analyzing ecological footprint meets the various economy departments final demand, the mutual influence relations among various departments, as well as the influence of the final demand changed on the industrial ecological footprint structure.Applied above research results, this paper makes the empirical study on the Chinese resource pressure aggregate and its industrial structure, and makes the scenario analysis to resources pressure situation of the future economy development of China, assuming the stage of economic development in the industrialized country corresponds in the certain resource pressure evolutionary process. The results show that:In the past more than 40 years resource utilization in China had the synchrony change with the economical scale, although the efficiency of resource utilization had improved, and resource pressure growth rate was lower than economic growth rate, resource pressure aggregate was still increasing (in which, energy and cultivated lands were main variety of resources). Therefore, at present the ecological overload of China is very serious, the utilization of resource in Chinese economic system has exceeded its natural ecological capacity of 165%.There are great differences in the proportion, the change tendency and resource utilization efficiency of the three major industries ecological footprints of the Chinese economy. Therefore, the adjustment of industrial structure is helpful to resource pressure aggregate reduction. Because the change in industrial structure and increase of ecological footprint identity of industries constrain the growth of the general ecological footprints variation, the adjustment of industrial structure and the improvement of ecological footprint identity will be able to bring the effect of resource pressure reducing. The data imply that the impact of primary industry on ecological footprints is much higher than the average level of the impact of other industries, while if only considering indirect ecological footprint, the influence of secondary industry is the biggest. When the final demand grows 1%, the ecological footprint of the primary, secondary and tertiary industry increase 1193hm2,626hm2, 132hm2 respectively.Finally, supposed to analyze resource pressure variation process correspondingly with the relation of change between economic developments of the world industrialized countries and resource utilization efficiency. The results indicated:In the coordination of scenarios, ecological footprint identity growth rate faster than that of GDP, resource pressure will at a low level in the future, While under the risk scenarios, resource pressure enlarges gradually, there will be huge impact and the influence not only on China, even the global natural ecosystem. In order to reduce the resource pressure of China, improving the efficiency of resource utilization in the future is the efficient way.