Study On Knowledge Management In The Activities Of Scientific Researches

As knowledge is playing a more and more important role in the development of social economy, there is an increasingly urgent demand for managing knowledge. Thus as a new management form which is different from previous management forms, knowledge management has attracted a widespread attention in many research fields in recent years. In this thesis, after analyzing the development stages and the background factors of the knowledge management in an all-round way, the author holds that knowledge management is an inevitable outcome under the interaction of such factors as the following: a) knowledge management has become the most important productive key element replacing the physical resources such as money-capital, labor force and raw materials; b) knowledge keeps running off for lack of relevant management; c)information and network technology is booming; d) there exists a hidden barrier in the way of development of knowledge. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of knowledge management home and abroad in an all-round way, the author points out that the depth , width and systematization of studies on knowledge management are far from enough in China, that it is urgent to carry out knowledge management in non-enterprise societies, and that it is important to do detailed study on knowledge management practice.Owing to the importance of knowledge management and the problems existing in the present studies, the author first introduces the theory of knowledge management into the activities of scientific researches and makes a study on knowledge management in this kind of high-level intellectual practical activities. The author points out that scientific researches are showing the characteristics of integration of research content, internationalization of communicative methods, synthesis of organization forms, diversification of resources and globalization of estimation, on the basis of analyzing the development process of scientific researches from simplicity to complexity, from disassociation to integration and the characteristics of modern scientific researches. Due to these characteristics, it is quite necessary to introduce the theories and methods of knowledge management into the activities of scientific researches, to combine the ability of information technology to deal with data and information with human's creativity perfectly, to get straight therelationship between knowledge and human beings and to provide a timely and applicable knowledge platform and creative environment for the personnel of scientific researches.To manage knowledge correctly and effectively, first it is necessary to have an all-round and accurate understanding of the nature and characteristics of knowledge. In the thesis the author first gives a new explanation of the connotation of knowledge and also an analysis of its characteristics, points out that knowledge is no longer a simple combination of various elements in disorder, but a dynamic system that interacts with people or organizations and emphasizes the characteristics of knowledge such as complexity, implicativeness, dynamism, shareability and being incremental, that are closely related to scientific researches. It is due to the complexity and implicativeness of knowledge there is the necessity of conduct knowledge management of multi-dimensions. As for the dynamism of knowledge and the dynamic development process of the activities of scientific researches as a result of the dynamism of knowledge, it is necessary to construct a dynamic management pattern of knowledge that lays much importance on process. Because the shareability of knowledge plays an important role in the achievement of the final goals of the activities of scientific researches, the author thinks it is necessary to make a feasibility analysis of the share behavior of the owners of knowledge by using game theory. The increment of knowledge is the final goals of every link of knowledge management and the activities of scientific researches. Owing to this, every discipline and every research field lay more and more importance on knowledge management.The emergence of any new research field has its solid theoretical foundation. It is the same to knowledge management. The author analyses knowledge management from the point of view of its theoretical foundation and this is a innovative point for this thesis. The author puts forward the philosophical foundation of knowledge management by analyzing the intuitive thinking in philosophical theory and the influence of the dialectic and moving nature of substance upon knowledge management. Starting with the ideal aim of perfect combination of the technology and people, the author also analyses the administrative foundation of knowledge management at two angles, the management of information resources and the management of human resources. The author thinks that the reason why knowledge management attracts much attention from many different disciplines and manydifferent research fields is that knowledge plays a more and more important role in economy development as an internal variable and that the economic feature of knowledge is bound to lead to that the theory of knowledge management must be based on economics foundation. So the author analyses the economics foundation of knowledge management at two angles, the capital nature of knowledge and information as the focus of economy exchange. By analyzing the instructive function of these theoretical principles to the process of knowledge management the author reveals that knowledge management, as a new research field, is not a white-water according to some scholars, but a research field that has solid theoretical foundation.Knowledge management itself is a complicated and dynamic integration relevant to many levels and many factors, especially in such a high-level practice of knowledge management as the activities of scientific research. How to achieve harmonious management between the complicated multi-dimension factors? And how to create a developing environment in a favorable cycle for the harmonious management? Many scholars have introduced the theories and methods in some other disciplines into the research field of knowledge management and provided various approaches and methods for effective enforcement of knowledge management. Inspired by them, the author introduces knowledge-ecology theory, a theory of creating a favorable environment for knowledge transformation and knowledge share by applying the view of ecology, into the process of knowledge management, analyses accordingly the connotation of knowledge ecology, the concrete constructing principles and then illustrates the significance and function of constructing knowledge ecology in the activities of scientific researches, that is, to form many biological chains of disciplines in the activities of scientific researches and to form an academic ecology system with good quality and strong vitality in order to maintain the whole prosperity and sustainable development of scientific researches. Complexity theory is introduced into knowledge management owing to the complexity of knowledge management. It is both a complicated process and a complicated system. The forming reasons, developing process and complicated mechanism of objective reality revealed by complexity theory, the integration and coordination studied by harmony theory are introduced into the process of knowledge management in the activities of scientific researches in order to achieve the coordination between key elements on the basis of information current, and between people and technology and to develop the capacityof solving problems and propel the constant development of scientific researches.A comprehensive and systematic analysis of the process of knowledge management in scientific researches is where the innovative significance for this thesis to introduce knowledge management theory into the activities of scientific researches. The nature of knowledge management is to achieve perfect combination of information technology and people, that is, to administrate information and share knowledge effectively. The author puts forward the process of knowledge management consisting of information guarantee and knowledge increment on how to carry out management of the input and transformation of information and the output of knowledge. On information guarantee the author emphatically analyses such basic links that provides scientific researches with knowledge storage as information source, information service organizations, the operating patterns, organizing patterns and the necessary new technology of information service, information organization and information supply. On knowledge increment, the author emphatically analyses the four levels of knowledge, namely, the obtainment of knowledge, the discovery of knowledge, the transformation of knowledge and the integration of knowledge in order to deal with the problems like the extraction of knowledge from a great amount of information and the creation of new knowledge. To illustrate this, the author especially introduces "knowledge bank", as a new storage form of applying the capital feature of knowledge so as to obtain increment, into the process of knowledge management to further illustrate the significance of knowledge management in economics. For the discovery of knowledge, the author mainly analyses data bank, text data, Web page, multimedia data and the discovery of implicative knowledge to provide probability in the early stage of the transformation from information to knowledge. As for the transformation of knowledge, the author analyses the transformation between different forms of knowledge and the "ba" theory relevant to it, and the two dimensions, namely, the SECI model of knowledge transformation and the transformation from individual knowledge to collective knowledge, and on the basis of this, puts forward five transformation ways combining transformation process with the owners of knowledge at different levels. To illustrate this the author introduces the concept of intermediate state of knowledge. It is of immediate significance for knowledge management in scientific researches because the management of the initial state of new knowledge contributes to the final formationof new knowledge and the achievement of knowledge creation. The process of integration of knowledge is the process of organizing and arranging knowledge, so the knowledge that has been obtained, discovered, transformed can play the whole role of knowledge resources only after being effectively integrated. Thus the author analyses the integration of knowledge as the final stage of knowledge increment. The author analyses the achievement of knowledge integration at the angles such as the organization of explicit knowledge, the self-organization of tacit knowledge and the increase of knowledge storage caused by the intersection and integration of different levels of knowledge and then constructs a platform model of knowledge integration.In the incremental process of knowledge, there is a very important link, besides the four levels mentioned above. It is the most difficult one to be managed and achieved. It is the knowledge share. In the thesis the author analyses the approaches to achieve knowledge share, namely, the communication of knowledge, knowledge maps and knowledge network, and then puts forward the methods of communication of knowledge, studies the categories of knowledge maps, the concrete constructing principles, and their function to the activities of scientific researches. The author emphatically discusses knowledge network, especially the informal networks. The author constructs a structural system of knowledge networks for the activities of scientific researches by discussing the modules and sustaining environment of knowledge network. Meanwhile, the author also analyses the barrier factors of knowledge share on the three aspects, the features of knowledge itself, the factors of person and the factors of organizations, and discusses the ways to overcome these barriers and constructs a framework of the system of knowledge shareability.During the activities of scientific researches, researchers face a dilemma: whether to share their own knowledge with their colleges, or they have to face the problem how to make the best choice in difficulty. In this thesis, the author introduces game theory and analyses the feasibility of the sharing behavior of knowledge owners. And this is another point of innovation in the thesis. On the basis of orienting knowledge share in the activities of scientigic researches to cooperative, dynamically repeating game with incomplete information, the author analyses the decision process of knowledge share at the angle of cooperative dynamic repeating game and at the angle of incomplete-information game by constructing game models and concludes that sensible knowledge owners can, by repeating game, convert their initial strategyof not sharing their knowledge caused by one-sided maximized effect and share with others in order to achieve the balanced outcome of Pareto optimality.By discussing the theoretical foundation and the enforcement process of knowledge management, the thesis ends with the construction of the models of knowledge management in the activities of scientific researches. The author analyses the present situation of the study on the model of knowledge management, and constructs a knowledge management process and model consisting the five integrating stages, namely, the discovery of knowledge, the integration of knowledge, the storage of knowledge, shareability of knowledge and the transformation of knowledge, on the basis of a comparative study of content administration view and process administration view, according the characteristics of the process of the activities of scientific researches and in the view that the process of knowledge management is a cycling process of controlling and feeding back knowledge. And thus the author completes the whole process from theoretical guidance to practice model of the study on knowledge management in the activities of scientific researches.(diagrams 24, tables 7)...