The Analysis, Based On Niche Theory Of Urban Labor Competition

Labour Competition in urban area is one of the focuses of the social, economic theory research and policy practice. Since 1990s', at the background of informationization, rapid industrialization and urbanization, the inner economic structure of large city has changed dramatically in China.Labour groups and its form of the competition changed with the change of competitive environment, and the patterns of the evolution of them is the important component of the evolution of city inner spatial structure, and is also the important driving forces for the evolution of city inner spatial structure.Reviewing the development history of the large city for many years, many phenomena and social problems are related to labour competition, such as employment project for laid-off workers, the invading peasant workers, the saturated labor market, the difficulty to be employee for the undergraduates and the establishment for labor security mechanism, etc. Why has so much unemployment in the highly developing economy society? Is there some kind of relationship among laid-off workers and invaded peasants, undergraduates and the existing office in the process of employment? Why some regions are full of youthful spirit, while some areas are not? What kind of relationship with labour competition? Since labours in the city have the complex attributes in quantity, quality and structure, so the competition of the labours in the city is not only the behaviour of someone himself, but also the conflict among the different groups. So, it is necessary to examine the formation and the evolution of the labour competition, and to explain the current challenge and problems reasonably.There is some limitation in the past theory study and practice. Theory study paid more attention to demand and supply of the quantity of labours at macro scale, or to the analysis for the micro process, which compared labours based on the doctrine of maximize carried out of the productive factors.While, in practice, the quantification of the relationship and the pattern among labours is often single.With reference to ecological theory, labour competition and labour flowage and transfer, and the spatial distribution of labour are process of choice in social and economic development, and are also the process of adjustment of the labours'status quo, and there is some kind of evolution process assemble to population competition in ecology, and the common between them is that the compromises and balancement facing the common demand and competition.Based on this viewpoint, the paper study the supply and demand of labour competition base on the ecology niche analysis by taking Xi'an city as a case study. With positive analysis, the feature of labour competition, the pattern of labour competition and labor flowage and transfer are studied, and the implicit conflict of supply and demand of labour competition is analyzed by putting the driving force of labour competition on the conflicts among different interests subjects, and then, the law of labour competition in large city is analyzed, and the policy implication is disclosed.The paper is composed of three parts. The first part is of theory, which includes the first, the second and the third chapter, which mainly explains the meaning of the study reviews the related studies and establishes the theory framwork. The second part is of positive analysis, which includes from the fourth chapter to the eighth chapter.The third part is conclusion..The main conclusions are that, firstly, it is feasible to study labour competition and similar social problems with reference to ecological niche theory. Secondly, nowadays, Xi'an city is currently undergoing economic and industrial structure transition, and the former system has been broken, and the new system is being established, which forms the particular context for labour competition, the competition among different laour groups with different means of production and labor is rudimentary. Then, in different status of dema the labours with college diploma is the most competitive of all different kinds of labours, and the pressure is spatial mismatch. Then, competitive pressure is the driving force for the directional flowage and transfer of labours, and finally determines the spatial pattern and directional flow. Lastly, Xi'an city is divided into central urban area and peripheral suburban area. The central urban area concludes Yanta district, Lianhu district, Xincheng district, while the peripheral suburban area includes Weiyang district and Baqiao district. The labour competition in the central urban area is much more violently than in the peripheral suburban area, and the labour competition is wakening with distance increasing from the central urban area to peripheral suburban area. In the central urban area, the demand pressure at the lower level is much more violent, while the demand at the higher level is insufficiency, while in the peripheral suburban area, the demand pressure at lower level is relatively slighter, and the attractive force of demand higher-level labour is relatively smaller than in the central urban area. So, labours flow and transfer between the central urban area and the peripheral suburban area, forms the emigrant of the lower level labours to peripheral suburban area and immigrant of the higher lvel labours to central urban area.