Reserch On Fair Allocation Of Water Resources

Water resource is a nation's fundamental natural resource and a strategic economic resource, playing an important role in the future economic growth of a nation in the long term. Conflict existing in China's water resource allocation system is becoming increasingly prominent with a wide gap between reality and ideal pattern. Based on economics and other related principles, the thesis is focused on the key issues such as contradiction between water resource endowment disparity and entironment protection, contradiction between water resource shortage and serious waste, conflict between industry regulation and the market competition of water resource production, to make a systematic theory and case studies on fair allocation of water resource, with emphasis on waterhead, water obtainment, water production, water distribution and terminal water consumption. According to this thesis, water has double attributes of necessity and commodity, and therefore with water resource endowment disparity, the nation shall ensure the basic demand of water resource, abstemious and fair use of water resource and national water resource security through coordinated implementation of administrative regulation, market measures and technological ways. Among them, water right is the foundation for establishing water market and optimizing water resource allocation. In order to realized a fair and efficient allocation of water resource and improve the water use efficiency, the state shall make full use of foreign countries water right experience, establish a complete water right management system and a mature water market based on certain water right system and related laws and regulations, and carry out an orderly distribution, obtainment and transfer of water right, through administrative and market measures. In the meantime, due to an incomplete water price system and management, the rarity of water resource could not be reflected correctly, which is the main reason for the coexistence of water resource shortage and waste. Progression price is the main part of urban water consumption reform, aiming to compensate cost, control inflation and save on water. The fragility of water resource ecology in China put the nation into a dilemma: exploitation of water resource and maintenance of entironment, facing the"Tragedy of the Commons". Therefore the key factor to decrease unfair distribution caused by externalities is to reduce and standardize the scope of administration management, tap the coordination of market, and realize the commercialization of water infrastructure facilities through eco-compensation and policy options of pollution charge and emission trading under the guidance of the government, with the market playing a role in water resources and other various resources'basic function.