| Ecological compensation refers to a new environment management mode that adopts paid utilization of ecological resources. This thesis carries out a research on the ecological compensation in the development course of environment industry. It consists of seven chapters.Chapter One is the introduction. After the presentation of topic selection background and research significance, main views of relevant research results are systematically revealed, including definition of ecological compensation, mechanism and practices, etc. Then, the research method, framework and innovations of this thesis are provided. It proposes a new perspective of establishing ecological compensation mechanism and realization approaches for the establishment from the perspective of industrial development.Chapter Two is the overview of environment industry. On the basis of analysis of traditional environmental protection industry, definition and classifications of environment industry are made. It is held that at present, environment industry has become a comprehensive industry taking environmental science technologies as its basis as well as combining various disciplines, majors and technologies. This industry takes environment resources in the ecological sense as research objects, adjusting and controlling the deterioration, treatment and recovery of environment resources, providing tangible green products and intangible green services. Consequently, environment efficiency can be comprehensively performed. As an emerging industry, the development of environment industry is promoted by lack of resources, environment economic policies and economic restructuring, etc. Meanwhile, it is restricted by some factors, such as management mechanism, scientific technologies and investment channels. Therefore, through analyses of environment industrial development modes of US, Japan and German, it is concluded that development of China's environment industry should be led by governmental policies, establishment of market mechanism and diversification of investment subjects, etc. Chapter Three reveals the development of low-carbon economy and environment industry. This chapter analyzes the strategic selection of environment industry under the background of the shift to low-carbon economic development mode. Low-carbon economy, recycle economy, green economy and ecological economy are reflections on traditional economic development mode; however, these economies have their focuses. Low-carbon economy focuses on energy conservation and emission reduction. As the micro-subjects in economic operation, although enterprises create social wealth through using natural resources, they are the major polluters. Therefore, shift of enterprises'behaviors is significant to the promotion of the shift to low-carbon economy. It concerns the restructuring of interests of various parties, which is also a major obstacle for low-carbon economy. As an environment economic policy measure, ecological compensation can adjust interests of various parties in the process of environmental protection. Thus, significant protection is provided for the shift to low-carbon economy. Emerging environment industry should take the shift to low-carbon economy as an opportunity and promote its development through improvement of institutional system, integration of industries and optimization of environment investment modes.Chapter Four discusses ecological compensation in the development course of environment industries. Under the conditions of market economy, environmental protection should carry out adjustment via economic measures that include economic adjustment measures internalizing external environment costs and fund redistribution of government taxes for environmental protection. Ecological compensation is a specific manifestation of the aforesaid measures. At present, it mainly consists of resources tax, consumption tax, enterprise income tax, value added tax, discharge fees, discharge right transaction and deposit refund. With the changes of enterprises'profit acquisition modes, enterprises have to undertake the ecological responsibilities. Under such background, the establishment of ecological compensation provides policy direction and profit promotion for the development of environment industry.Chapter Five Development state analysis of China ecological compensation mechanism: In this chapter the ecological compensation theoretical frame is summarized from the perspective of environmental philosophy, ecology, environmental economy and environmental law. We think that ecological compensation should be a new kind of environmental management system aiming at the prevention of ecological environment damage and enhancing and promoting the benign development of ecological system. The adjustment target of it should be production, management, development and users that produce or may produce influence on ecological environment. The main content of it is about the ecological environment improvement. The main method we use should be economic adjustment secured by law. The difficult points of the establishment of China ecological compensation mechanism is analyzed in this chapter as well. By deep study on the ecological compensation practice of China drainage areas, mineral resources, forests and nature reserves, we point in this chapter that there are such problems as system defect, organizational and managerial disorder and financial funds shortage in the process of the establishment of Chinese ecological compensation mechanism.Chapter Six Lessons and experiences of international ecological service charges: This chapter starts with the analysis on international ecological service charge concepts and measures. By means of summarization of ecological compensation cases of development recovery and management of drainage area and mines, biological diversity protection and nature reserves ecological compensation in countries of the world, this chapter compares and analyzes the differences of ecological compensation systems of home and abroad regarding theories and practice. We believe China's ecological compensation mechanism should be coordinated and promoted through a series of effective mechanisms of market supervision and government administration on the basis of the participation and discussion of communities and the idea of transparence and publicity.Chapter Seven proposes the measures for environment industry to promote the implementation of ecological compensation. This chapter takes ecological compensation as the breakthrough point for smoothing environment issues. Governments should take environmental protection into the industrial development through the innovation of environment legal system, environment administrative system and governmental regulations. Meanwhile, governments should take the construction of ecological corporate culture as premise, environmental technologies based on clean production as its basis and green financing channels as its support to provide approach references for the ecological compensation implemented by environment industry.Chapter Eight presents a major conclusion and issues to be researched. After a scientific positioning of ecological compensation, a systematic understanding of relevant research fruits at home and abroad is reached. It is held that if we want to control environmental pollution fundamentally, we have to handle it through economic measures, outlining the development of environment industry and taking ecological compensation as a necessary institution for environmental protection. Only by doing these, industrial restructuring and upgrading can be guaranteed environmentally. Due to limited data and successful experiences, description of the practices for ecological compensation at home and abroad is not sufficient and approach design for ecological compensation implemented by China's environment industry still lacks some practical supports from ecological industrial parks. These issues need a further research.
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