Localization Algorithms For Sensor Networks And Related Technologies

Recent advances in micro-electro-mechanism system (MEMS), communications and computing technology have enabled the development of low-cost, self-organized, multi-functional, wireless sensor nodes with short communication range. These micro nodes leverage the idea of sensor networks based on distributed collaborative effort of a very large number of nodes. Compared with traditional networks, sensor networks pose unique characteristics, such as rapid deployment, source constraint, multi-hop, dynamic topology, fault tolerance, data-centric and application-based. So, sensor networks have the potential to bridge the gap between the virtual world and the physical world.The process of determining the physical coordinates of sensor nodes, which is self-organizing, is called localization. Location information of nodes is especially critical for some applications of sensor networks. However, the sensor networks are typically resource–constrained and energy-constrained. These disadvantages make it difficult to locate the sensor nodes. Supported by the"Research on Network-Based Intelligent Sensor Technology"(Nature Science Foundation of Guangdong Ocean University, No: z0512142) and the"National Natural Science Foundation (No: 50672015), the dissertation explores several localization methods and related technologies for sensor nodes to improve localization accuracy and robustness to range noise, decrease additional communication overhead, lower energy consumption. Four localization algorithms include: Alternating Combination Trilateration (ACT) with accuracy for 2D nodes, Improved Alternating Combination Trilateration (IACT) with low computational complexity, Universal Alternating Combination Quadrilateration (ACQ) for 3D and 2D, and the weighted least squares (WLS) estimation localization with which the sensor nodes can be low-cost, compact and energy efficient. For the sink node, the dissertation presents a new congestion control method using active queue management, open-loop reverse transmission mechanism for congestion information and transmission rate adjustment of source node based on priority. Energy problems have hindered wide application of sensor networks, so some new energy collection methods MEMS-based for sensor nodes are discussed. The main contents of the dissertation are as follows:Based on the theoretical model predictive control theory, we present an active...