Effect Of Physical Activity On Lipid And Bone Metabolism In Post-menopause Females

As the coming of aging society, the morbidities of osteoporosis (OP) and hyperlipemia (HL) are increasing rapidly. Both of the two diseases make serious interruption on aged people, especially on post-menopause women. It's reported that the gene polymorphism of apolpoprotein E (ApoE) and estrogen receptor (ER) have close relationship to both of OP and HL, and there is the possible relationship between blood-fat and OP. Exercise can ameliorate blood fat, increase the peak value of bone mass before menopause, and reduce the loss of bone mass after menopause. But there was no concord report about the effect of different exercise on prevention and cure OP and HL.In this subject, 167 post-menopause females in Tianjin were divided into four groups according to the serum TG, TC and the BMD of lumbar vertebrae 2-4 and hipbone: normal group, OP group, HL group and OP+HL group. The women in the last three groups were divided randomly into four groups: control groups (CG), strength training groups (STG), endurance training groups (ETG) and strength plus endurance training groups (SETG). No treatment was used on normal group and CG, but strength training and endurance training were taken on STG, ETG or SETG. Medium intensity was used in exercise. The actions of the exercises are according to the exercise guides.The training was taken three times a week with each time last for forty-five to sixty minutes. The total time was 12 weeks. Before and after the training, The BMD of lumbar vertebrae 2-4 and hipbone was detected by DUXA, serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL, Ca were detected by automatic biochemical analysator, testosterone(T) and hydrocortisone were measured by ELISA, leptin was detected by RIA. Gene polymorphism of ER and ApoE was detected by RFLPs. The relationship between BMD and TG,TC,HDL,LDL and body fat was alysised by statistic software.Result: After 12 weeks'exercise, the levels of serum TG, TC and LDL in ETGs and SETGs of OP group and HL group are decreased compared to control groups(P<0.01). The increasing of body fat of SETG were less than other groups (P<0.01). The loss of bone mass of STGs and SETGs are less than other groups. However, it's important of insisting on training to maintain the effect. There was no obviously changes of serum Ca and ALP. The results of gene polymorphism indicated that people with ER PP sub type and ApoE4 subtype are liability to OP and HL. The BMDs of lumber vertebrae L2-4 have negative correlation with serum TG(r=-0.3667) and TC(r=-0.2360). However, the BMDs of hipbone have positive correlation with TG(r=0.3322) and TC(r=0.2856).We suggest that the paradox results caused by different blood circulation in different anatomic site and the cells are different.Conclusion: Endurance exercises with medium intensity have the effects of degrading fats and decreasing body fats. However, strength exercises with medium intensity are good at prevent the loss of bone mass and the occurance of OP, and long-term exercises is required. People with ER PP subtype and ApoE4 subtype are apt to get OP and HL. Based on the result, we suggest that old people should take both endurance exercises and strength exercises. When doing exercise, the lumbar vertebrae and limbs should take more emphasis. The analytic results of dependability suggest that the bone cells in different anatomic site have different reaction to blood-fat.