| Liu Xizai (1813-1881) was an outstanding scholar, literary or art critic and educator in late Qing dynasty .His work involved literary criticism, linguistics, education, mathematics and astronomy. His most important idea within those books was the literary aesthetic ideology in"Yi Gai"and"You YI Yue Yan".In"Yi Gai", Liu Xizai separately expounded the development, the creative theory and the appreciating theory of Chinese ancient prose, poem, rhapsody, ci, qu and calligraphy with several classical examples and put forward a lot of penetrating insight. In"You YI Yue Yan", he pronounced the similar opinions about literary and art.For 100 years or so, especially within the latest 20 years, academic circles has paid great attention to Liu Xizai and his aesthetic ideology about literary and art, and has achieved many results in several fields: punctuated and published"Yi Gai","Gu Tong Shu Wu Liu Zhong"and"Gu Tong Shu Wu Xu Ke San Zhong". What's more, according to this paper's statistics, from 1935 to 2005, there were 244 theses on Liu Xizai and his aesthetic concept been published, and among them 185 in Mainland( including 9 papers for master degree), 32 in Taiwan and Hong Kong( including 7 papers for master degree), 23 in Japan, 3 in Korea and 1 in Singapore. But, the study on Liu Xizai and his aesthetic ideology is still in an early stage. The deep and comprehensive study on Liu Xizai's life and idea, Liu Xizai's aesthetic concept about literary and art, the comparison of Liu Xizai with other Chinese and foreign aesthetic theorist is still few.This thesis is based on the former study results and has a brand-new look on Liu Xizai's life and his aesthetic idea. The whole article is composed of introduction, text and conclusion.Introduction: first discuss the discriminating between"mirror"and"sun"of Liu Xizai, then lead to the elaboration of Liu Xizai's life and his aesthetic idea: Liu Xizai thought that literary and art are a crystallization of nature and human by the philosophy of"harmony of nature and human". What's more, he thought"sun"is better than"mirror"."Mirror"means that literary and art is the copy and reappearance of society and life;"sun"means that literary and art is the behavior and creation of heart.Chapter One:"Liu Xizai and the dynasty which he lived": introduce Liu Xizai's life, Liu Xizai's work, Liu Xizai's ideology and the connection between Liu Xizai and modern society evolution. Liu Xizai's idea, especially in his old age, showed a tendency of straight, general and practical. He tried his best to merge into the tide of modern society evolution in China.Chapter Two:"Liu Xizai's elaboration of the essence of appreciation of the beautiful": discuss tow important concepts on the essence of literary and art which are"poem is the crystallization of nature and human"and"'non -one'and'one'are what oppose each other and yet complement each other"; Discuss the effect that philosophy in"Zhou Yi"put on Liu Xizai's aesthetic idea which is the most important character of Liu Xizai's ideology.Chapter There:"Liu Xizai's research on writers, books and readers": comment Liu Xizai's elaboration on the creation, the text and the reception of literary and art.In the aspect of literature and art's creation: Liu Xizai devoted much attention to writers' self-possession , put forward"poetic quality is decided by poet's moral character"and demanded the writers to"foster the spirit of nobility",to have"knowledge"and"ability"; He also discussed the theme, the art of composition, the sentence structure and the words and expressions by the rules of"the golden mean is beauty","Ci must write by your heart"and"written in a natural and fresh style"etc.; What's more, he studied the creative style of literature and art just like"virile"and"soft","fresh and empty"and"heavy and thick"and so on.In the aspect of literature and art's work: Liu Xizai put forward"literature and art are the form of the Tao", elaborated the relation between"the Tao"and"literature and art"; He had a broad opinion of literary genre, thought"all kinds of literary is art"; He publicized the social function of work, affirmed the vigorous and sprightly style of Ci; He required the writers to write like"using a proper word right there","the rhetoric need to be honest"and"there is endless meaning out of words"etc.In the aspect of appreciation of literature and art: Liu Xizai paid much attention to reads' self-possession, put forward some rules of appreciation such as"poetic quality is decided by poet's moral character","reading a poem should know its writer","appreciating a song had better know its truth"etc; He also paid much attention to new critical ways like comparison, summarizing and giving an example; inheriting and creating.Chapter Four:"Liu Xizai in the global field of vision": compare Liu Xizai's main aesthetic idea with Wang Guowei's, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's and Meyer Howard Abrams's.First, from"observing object"and"observing me","the mood with me"and"the mood without me","barrier"and"non-barrier", reveal the aesthetic idea's connection between Wang Guowei and Liu Xizai, between modern China and ancient China. Secondary, compare the same thing between Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Liu Xizai and discuss their difference on aesthetic theory form and development opinion of literature and art, analyze the reason, reveal the difference of aesthetic idea between the West and China.Finally, compare Meyer Howard Abrams's coordinate theory and Liu Xizai's aesthetic ideology, Meyer Howard Abrams's"analogy to the light"with Liu Xizai's"analogy to the sun"; reveal the inspiration of Liu Xizai's aesthetic ideology and his thinking style.Conclusion: basing on the above, the thesis regards that Liu Xizai's aesthetic ideology has classical consciousness, historic consciousness, modern consciousness and nationality. As a summary person of Chinese classical aesthetics, in"Yi Gai"and"You YI Yue Yan"Liu Xizai inspected the development of Chinese ancient prose, poem, rhapsody, ci, qu and calligraphy and the important writers and their work, put forward a series of important conceptions such as"poem is the crystallization of nature and human","poetic quality is decided by poet's moral character","put character ahead in the comment on ci"etc. therefore, Liu Xizai had developed and perfected Chinese classical aesthetics; at the same time had fed Chinese modern aesthetics with his ideology.This thesis tries to break through the conclusion of former studies which regarded Liu Xizai's aesthetic idea was conservative, closed and narrow. According to the historical data of Shanghai Long Men Academy which was discovered recently, this thesis points out Liu Xizai had responded to the modern trend of thoughts by his doubtful spirit, pragmatic idea ,broad-minded manner and his educational practice in Shanghai Long Men Academy, then studies Liu Xizai's aesthetic idea above the fairly judgment of him.This thesis tries to break through the conclusion of former studies which regarded Liu Xizai's aesthetic idea had no system and value, reveals Liu Xizai's aesthetic idea had an inherent logic and there was a connection between Liu Xizai's aesthetic ideology and his all work.This thesis tries to break through the limit of former studies which focused on one of Liu Xizai's idea about prose, poem, rhapsody, ci or qu.Basing on all Liu Xizai's work, this thesis studies Liu Xizai's life, his aesthetic idea and his ideology completely and compares Liu Xizai's aesthetic idea with Wang Guowei's, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's and Meyer Howard Abrams's.This thesis tries to use synthetic ways of philosophy, aesthetics, comparative literature, history and philology to study Liu Xizai's life and his aesthetic ideology completely and systematically, elaborates Liu Xizai's aesthetic ideology and its modern meaning. The appendix"Chronological Life of Liu Xizai"can give some help to understand Liu Xizai and his work.In almost 100 years, by the effect of social ,political, economic and cultural evolution, Chinese aesthetics looks like the circulation of the West aesthetics in China, not like its owe development naturally. Studying Liu Xizai's aesthetic ideology again has great meaning for extending Chinese aesthetics tradition, building up Chinese owe aesthetics ideology of the 21 century and promoting creation and criticism of literary and art.
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