Research On Beijing Medical Mode Of Chinese Medicine In Qing Dynasty

Qing dynasty is very important in Chinese history. After a long period development, the Qing Dynasty's health care system began to mature.The development of TCM also reached final phase of peak.In the health care system, the Qing Dynasty Beijing court essentially followed the Yuan and Ming health care system; however the vigorous development of private medical organizations and the rise of social charity organizations contribute a lot to the government's work in the social health system. Although the New Deal established a number of medical institutions, it failed to impact on Qing Dynasty medical model due to the perish of the Qing Dynasty.In the Qing Dynasty, Beijing health care system dominated by Chinese medicine and the development and change also has the unique characteristic of TCM.As the capital in the Qing Dynasty, court medical system and social medical system both existed in Beijing, which is not available elsewhere.As for the medical administration management, the medical departments were not set up specifically to deal with medicine affairs before the New Deal.The imperial hospital was designed for the Manchu imperial family. So it had no voice on the administration of Chinese medical system.In the late of Qing Dynasty, the establishment of health division of Patrol Office changed a lot. It responsible for the test of medical license, street cleaning, epidemic prevention, planning, and validation of all health care statutes.But judged from the history of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine in Qing Dynasty, the government had little effect on the formation of health care model.In the Medical care system of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty, being the most developed medical system, the court medical system only served the royal family. The development of social health care system relied on the development of individual doctors and traditional Chinese pharmacy, the rise of the medical charity made up for the deficiency of national welfare policy. Generally, Beijing Chinese medical model was mainly driven by the social health care system. As for the court medical system,it had little impact on the medical model.Based on the study of medical system of Beijing in Qing Dynasty, we founded that the medical model of Beijing in Qing Dynasty both has the, the common characteristics of Chinese feudal society medical model and its own. The common characteristics are its strong class tendency, the emperor, the officers and the civilian enjoyed different medical service and management. The core of court medical model is to ensure quality and safety of medicine and possession of the most abundant medical resources.However such protection is not stable, the ruling class also seek medical from the individual doctors.As for the civilians the medical protection they enjoyed is the spontaneous formation of civil society health care system.The Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in China; it was established and ruled by the minorities. Beijing Chinese medical model also has its own characteristics, such as pharmacies medical model,the rapid development of charity medical care etc.The Qing government adopted a laissez-faire attitude towards civilian health care system development; there is no restriction on civilian health care system and less direct intervention in the management. Although this management subjectively by the feudal rulers ignored the civilian health factors, it is also the reason why Beijing Chinese medical model in Qing Dynasty can develop into a real health care system to adapt to the characteristics of Chinese medicine and social needs.Overall, the Qing Dynasty Beijing Chinese medical model is reflected in the following aspects:1.The core of court medical model is to insure the health care quality and safetyIn order to maintain their own health, the emperors established the court health care system which included the royal hospital,royal pharmacy, the Office of orthopaedics.Particularly, there were hundreds of workers to serve the royal family. It even has its own medical education school to educate young doctors.The court also made regulations on the medical services which guaranteed the medical quality. Anyone who violated the rules will be published. However, the doctors feared the punishment so they would cover up the mistakes.This system was so isolated that it lacked the energy. Although the emergence of the "Golden Mirror of Medicine" was edited as the textbook for the doctors,the clinical level is still inclining.2.The individual practitioner was his main supporting force of civilian health care model.Civil medical model of the Qing dynasty is the slow formation of the individual practitioners.Qing government abolished the regular system of individual doctors.So the intellectuals who interested in TCM can be a doctor. In the late of Qing dynasty, many officials also became doctors because of the economic reasons.Being educated as the elite, they would abide by professional ethics which guaranteed the quality of medical care.3.Private charitable medical institutions become played a useful role in the civil medical model.In Qing dynasty, because of the war, corruption and frequent natural disasters, the life was difficult for the elder and the children. To alleviate this situation, easing social conflicts, many charitable organizations were founded. In addition to relief of the poor and the sick, relevant medical services were provided by these organizations, The Puji Tang and Yuying Tang did a good job in Beijing. They were praised by the emperors and supported by the government. These organizations then became the model for the whole country.4.The combination of Pharmacy and doctors can make full use of medical resources in society.Ming dynasty established a lot of national pharmacies to help the poor and the army. The Qing Dynasty abolished national pharmacies without any remedial measures.However for a long time, the government did not make any regulations on the private pharmacies.The quality of Chinese medicine can not be guaranteed. A lot of patients lost their life because the medicine.This problem was resolved with the rise of. Tong Ren Tang and He Nian Tang. These pharmacies were owned by doctors. They emphasized the quality of medicine and opened chain stores so that many people can buy the real medicine to cure their diseases.The pharmacies even made manual books to tell the patients how to buy the medicine and the price.The doctors also coordinated with the pharmacies.The pharmacies would make Chinese patent medicine when the doctors tell the patients to buy medicine.This is very convenient both for the patients and the doctors.5.Qing Government-led epidemic-prevention initiatives was the beginning of modern epidemic-preventionThe epidemic diseases threatened the development and social stability, so the emperors emphasized a lot on epidemic-prevention. In Qing dynasty, every year the government would distribute the medicine to the sick. The government even built rescue shelter for the poor and the sick. In late Qing dynasty, the government built hospital to prevent the epidemic diseases which also can be considered as the beginning of modern epidemic-prevention.6.Supplication being banned helped to purify the medical model. The Qing government banned supplication which helped to the development of medicine.However, there are still a lot of people who believe in supplication. We can find much case being written in Qing dynasty.Through the study of Chinese medical model of Beijing in Qing Dynasty, we can learn a lot:first. We should adhere to and develop a diversified health care system; second. We should strongly support the charitable organizations;third. We should strongly support the combination of pharmacy and doctors;finally. We should support individual practitioners.