The Short-throw Five Added To The Chemical Composition And Biological Activity Study

Acanthopanax brachypus Harms is a small perennial deciduous shrub, which belongs to the genus Acanthopanax (Araliaceae family), and distributed in a narrow geographical area in the world, most in Shanxi, Gansu and Ningxia province on the loess plateau of the Northwest of China. It is a peculiar folk medicinal plant. As medicinal parts, the root and stem bark of this plant have the effect that replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen, raising a heart to calm the nerves, dispelling melancholy, as well as activating the blood and so on. Studies have shown that the rhizome extract have been used for the treatment of neurasthenic, male sexual dysfunction, secondary hypertension, hypotension and leucopenia disease, also have the effect of prevention cancer and anti-cancer. The alcohol extract of bark have anti-inflammatory action, and also inhibit adjuvant arthritis, as well as I, II and III type allergic inflammation.This paper firstly reviewed domestic and international research progress on the chemical constituent and bioactivity of Acanthopanax genus. Based on this, the present situation and exploiting prospect of the resources of Acanthopanax were analyzed. With the methods of tube reaction and thin-layer chromatography, systemic preparative test was used to research the chemical constituent of the bark of Acanthopanax brachypus, to provide the foundation for the designs of extracting and separating scheme on the different active components.The essential oils from the flower, leaves, bark, root and fruit of A. brachypus were individually extracted by hydrodistillation, and their chemical constituents were isolated and characterized by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrum. The relative percentages of the constituent were obtained by peak-area normalization. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oil were evaluated. The results indicated that the oils from the flower, leaves, bark and root consisted mainly of monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, as well as long chain hydrocarbons and its derivatives and so on, belonged toβ-pinene/linalool/Germacrene-D chemotype, while the fruit oil consisted mainly of fatty acids (esters). The essential oils from the flower and leaves contain various antimicrobial activity constituents, and have the inhibitory effect on 11 tested microorganisms at different degree, especially for gram-bacteria.By the ultrasonic extraction method, non-volatile component was extracted from the ethanol extract of the bark of A. brachypus,52 compounds were isolated by various chroma-tographic (Preparation Thin-Layer chromatography, Silica gel, Macroporous resin and Sephadex column chromatography) and recrystallized methods. On the basis of the analysis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data (UV, IR, NMR and MS), the structure of 46 compounds, which belonging to phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, phenolic acid, triterpene and triterpenoid saponin and so on, were identified as:(-)-pimara-9(11),15-dien-19-oic acid (1), (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2),β-sitosterol (3),6,7,10-trihydroxy-8-octadecen oic acid (4), syringaresinol (5), wogonin (6), pachypodol (7), epicatechin (8), isofraxidin (9), vanillin (10), paeonol (11), methyl gallate (12), succinic acid (13), p-coumaric acid (14), caffeic acid (15), salicylic acid (16), vanillic acid (17), syringic acid (18), daucosterol (19), evernic acid (20), 2-methoxyphenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (21), (E)-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylanethole (22), salicin (23), gastrodin (24), syringin (25), orcinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (26), betulinic acid (27), chlorogenic acid (28), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (29), okanin 4-methyl ether-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (30), baicalin (31), hyperoside (32), eugenol-O-β-D-xylopyrano syl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (33), (E)-resveratrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (34),3a-(E)-sinapoyloxy-jhanol 18-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (35), (-)-syringaresinol-4,4'-di-O-β-D-glucop yranoside (36), vitexin (37), orientin (38),3-O-methyl-(E)-resveratrol 5-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-[2"-vanilloyl]-glucopyranoside (39),3-O-methyl-(E)-resveratrol 5-O-a-L-rhamn opyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-[2"-(E)-feruloyl]-glucopyranoside (40),3-O-methyl-(E)-resveratrol 5-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-[2"-(E)-cinnamoyl]-glucopyranoside (41),3α,11α-dihydro xylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (42),3β,23,29-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-a-L-rham nopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (43),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2β,3β,16α,23-tetrahydroxy olean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl ester (44),3β-O-β-D-glucopyrano syl-(1→3)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl acacic acid 28-O-a-L-rhamno pyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (45),3β-O-β-D-gluco pyranosyl-(1→2)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (46). Among them,35,39,40,41 and 44 are firstly reported as new compounds, compounds 4,6-8,10-14,16,20-22,24,26,29-31,33, 34,37 and 38 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compounds 1,2,5,9,15, 17-19,23,27,28,32,42,43,45 and 46 were obtained from this plant for the first time.The ultrasonic-microwave assisted-flow extraction (UMAFE) method was used to extract total flavonoid, saponin and polysaccharide from the leaves and bark of A. brachypus, respectively. The various factors were investigated with the extraction efficiency by orthogonal test design. The optimum extracting processes were optimized. The result indicat- ed that A. brachypus contains rich flavonoid, saponin and polysaccharide. The contents of total flavonoid, saponin and polysaccharide were 22.95,9.67 and 56.37 mg/g in the leaves and bark of A. brachypus, respectively. Comparing with the other extraction methods, UMAFE is characteristic of short time, high efficiency, low energy consumption and stable structure.