| There were 319 877 cases of HIV infected people and AIDS patients in China before October 31,2009. The AIDS patients are 102 323 cases in all of the people infected by HIV. The dead cases is up to 49 845. The AIDS epidemic of 2009 in China was evaluated by Ministry of health of P.R.C and UNAIDS combined with WHO. The results showed that Before the end of 2009, It is evaluated that there are 740,000 HIV infected cases (HIV/AIDS), the AIDS patients is up to 1050000. The de novo HIV infected cases up to 48000 cases. At present, the route of HIV transmission had changed from Drug abuse to 70% more through sexual transmission.China had put much emphasis on the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. All sorts of methods include Chinese Medicine were employed to treat the HIV/AIDS. The pilot programme of Chinese Medicine to treat HIV/AIDS was summarized and the results showed that Chinese Medicine have the favourable effect of immune modulation, clinical symptom improvement, quality of survive improvement and delayed the progression of disease. But there were also some problem to be face and solve. For example, How to objectively evaluate the effects of Chinese Medicine to treat HIV/AIDS? How to make a significant progress in the effects of Chinese Medicine to treat HIV/AIDS? What are the mechanism of the effects of Chinese Medicine to treat HIV/AIDS?This research tests the immunological and virological items in peripheral blood in rhesus monkeys infected with SIV. The effects of the herb complex Ai Ke Qing to the immunological and virological items was observed.1 The dynamic changes of immunological and virological items in peripheral blood in rhesus monkeys infected with SIV.36 rhesus monkeys were infected with SIVmac239, blood routine, CD4+T cell counts and CD8+T cell counts in the peripheral blood, plasma viral load, PBMC costimulatory molecule mRNA quantity include CTLA-4,FOXP3,PD-1,IDC,HLA-DR,ICOS,CD28。The results showed that the WBC counts did not significantly change before and after SIV infection. Both the CD4+T cell ratio and counts are up-regulated one week after SIV infection, but down-regulated two weeks after SIV infection, then fluctuate and maintained in a low level. The CD4+T cell ratio remained stable. But the CD4+T cell counts are tend to decrease gradually. The CD8+T cell ratio and counts are both up-regulatedin the second week after SIV infection, but down-regulated from three weeks after SIV infection. The lowest level occurred at 4 weeks after SIV infection but higher than the level before SIV infection. The CD8+T cell ratio and counts are a bit up at fifth week after SIV infection and then remained stable. The CD4/CD8 is down-regulated after one week after SIV infection and reached lowest level at the second week. Then the CD4/CD8 is up-regulate in third and forth week after SIV infection. But it is lower than the level of second week. The CD4/CD8 down-regulate again at fifth week and then remained stable.The dynamic changes of plasma viral load are similar to the previous report. The summit occurred at second week after SIV infection and then decreased and fluctuate stable.From these results we can conclude that the down-regulation extent of CD4+T cell counts is not very big compared with the level before infection. This may be because the down-regulation of CD4+T cell counts need a long time. Several weeks are insufficient for significantly down-regulation.The results also showed that the mRNA levels of PBMC costimulatory molecule mRNA include TLA-4,FOXP3,PD-1,IDO,HLA-DR,ICOS,CD28 are significantly get up in different extent. The summits of these mRNA levels occurred in different time point. Only the mRNA summit level of HLA-DR is occurred in second week after SIV infection, all the others are occurred fifth week after SIV infection.From the above experiments we can conclude that all of the seven costimulatory molecules are closely related to the SIV infection results. The expression rule of these costimulatory molecules may affected by complex factors. The rule of its expression may manifest the rule of HIV disease progression. 2The effects of Chinese herb complex Ai Ke Qing to the immunological, pathological changes and viral load of rhesus monkeys infected with SIV12 rhesus monkeys infected with SIVmac239. After 71 days of SIV infection, the 12 monkeys were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely model control group, Ai Ke Qing high dose group and Ai Ke Qing low dose group and start intragastric administration according to the group. The high dose of Ai Ke Qing is 0.4455g/kg.d; The low dose of Ai Ke Qing is 0.1485g/kg.d. The CD4-T cell counts and CD8+T cell counts in the peripheral blood, plasma viral load, PBMC costimulatory molecule mRNA quantity and pathological changes in superficial lymph nodes.The results showed that the CD4+T cell counts are increased in the time points during drug administration compared with the level before drug administration. But it tend to get down after drug withdrawal. So the Ai Ke Qing herb complex may have some effect on relief the CD4+T cell counts.The plasma viral load of both the Ai Ke Qing high and low dose groups are significantly get down at the time point of eighth week after drug administration. But it back up at time points of drug cessation. These results revealed that both the Ai Ke Qing high and low dose group can inhibit the plasma viral load in some extent.To the pathological changes in superficial lymph nodes, The high dose group showed 2 monkeys improved and 2 monkeys deteriorated during drug administration. Then the pathological changes remained stable after drug cessation.This experiment tested 7 costimulatory molecule mRNA. The results showed that the mRNA levels of PD-1,IDO and HLA-DR are significantly inhibited by Ai Ke Qing herb complex.PD-1 is an important costimulatory molecule that can promote immune activation. But the IDO is increased in plasma and internal organ tissues and mainly related to plasma viral load. HLA-DR is a marker of immune activation. From these experiments we can conclude that the Ai Ke Qing herb complex may relief the immune activation state because it can inhibit the immune activation costimulatory molecule expression. So results in the improvement of immune pathological changes caused by SIV infection.Conclusion1 The CD4+T cell, CD8+T cell ratio and counts, CD4/CD8 in blood, SIV plasma viral load showed significant change in SIV infected rhesus monkeys.2 The costimulatory molecules mRNA of CTLA-4,FOXP3,PD-1,IDO,HLA-DR,ICOS,CD28 are up-regulated in different extent. The summit levels of them are occurred in different time points.3 The CD4+T cell counts can up-regulate in some extent through Ai Ke Qing administration; Ai Ke Qing also can decrease SIV plasma viral load and can improve the pathological changes in superficial lymph nodes in some extent.4 The Ai Ke Qing herb complex can significantly decrease the mRNA levels of PD-1,IDO and HLA-DR in PBMC of rhesus monkeys infected with SIV. |
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