| The important measures of regulating maize production involve the method of film mulching, density and nitrogen fertilizer management. These measures not only affected maize's growth and development process, law of moisture migration and ecological and physiological characteristics, but also regulated and controlled the forming of grain yield and quality to a large extent. It was important that to disclose the effects of density and fertilizer interaction on the conditions of moisture migration, ecological and physiological characteristics and high grain yield, which was helpful to improve the cultivation technology and theory of full film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows. The conditions growth and development, the conditions of soil moisture, ecological and physiological characteristics of maize were researched through field trials (different methods of film mulching cultivation, different planting densities, different dosages of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer) respectively in the high yield areas of Qingyang city in Longdong and Dingxi city in Longzhong in Gansu province from2008to2011, which would be benefit to provid theoretical basis and technical support for reasonable planting density and fertilization level of cultivation of high yield and efficiency of maize with full plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows. Through research we got access to the following conclusions:1. Maize root length density in0-150cm soil layer showed that equal line spacing planting of full film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows> half-film and double-furrow> conventional film mulching> bare land (P<0.05) in different methods of film mulching cultivation; root dry weight mainly concentrate in the soil layer of0-30cm, and furrow in ridge> middle ridge, full film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows> conventional film> half-film and double-furrow, equal line spacing single seedling planting> double seedling planting.2. The leaves and stems and clusters dry weight of maize in the whole growth period were all the maximum in the dispose of full film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows (QS) in different methods of film mulching cultivation, and they were significantly higher than CK. The total dry weight of plants indicated that film mulching> bare land, double-furrow> single-furrow, full-film mulching> half-film mulching, mulching in ridge> flat mulching, and among them, the maximum dry matter was dispose of QS, and in heading period and maturation period increased by29.39%and38.25%respectively compared with CK (P<0.01) in tasselling stage and filling stage. The66.87%of the total dry matter accumulation was districted to leaves, and33.13%to stem in jointing stage. The distribution of leaves and stem of dry matter accumulation were gradually decreased with there productive organs formed in tasselling stage. The highest distribution percentage of dry matter accumulation in ear occurred in the treatment of full film mulching on single-furrow (QL) in filling stage, the second of QS (36.65%), and the third of CK (23.84%). But the distribution of dry matter accumulation in leaves and stem of QS were higher than that of QL. The total leaves dry weight, stems dry weight, tassel dry weight, clusters dry weight and total plant dry weight in the whole growth of4.50×104plant/ha (D1) were higher than that of6.75×104plant/ha (D1), and with the increase of density, accumulation of single plant dry matter of maize presented upward trend. In different fertilizing levels, the increase of leaves dry weight, stems dry weight and clusters dry weight can be significantly improved by fertilization of150kg/ha (NP3) and180kg/ha (NP4), and in this case of the two densities, clusters dry weight was26.50%and63.34%higher than NP1(P<0.01).3. The leaves Pn and Tr of maize in growth period showed full-film covered> half-film covered> bare land, double-furrow> single-furrow> sowing in holes without furrow, and among them the Pn, Gs, LWUE, chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of QS were all significantly higher than that of other cultivation technologies, and the content of MDA decreased. The index of leaves area, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and free proline content of6.75×104plant/ha (D2) were significantly raised than that of4.50×104plant/ha (D1), and the content of MDA was lower than D1. Fertilizing nitrogen150kg/ha and180kg/ha were able to significantly raise leaves chlorophyll content and free proline content, reduce the content of MDA in leaves, promote growth and development of maize, weaken membrane lipid peroxidation and effectively defer plant senescence.4. The soil moisture content was significantly improved by the treatment of QS, and it especially increased the soil water content in the soil layer of0-20cm, which play a significant role in maintaining soil moisture and drought resisting. Soil water content in the soil layer of0-160cm of4.50×104plant/ha planting density was higher than that of6.75×104plant/ha. In all fertilizer treatment, the soil water content decreased with the deepering of soil depth in0-100cm, and soil water content would trend to be stable in100-160cm. Soil water content in100-160cm could be significantly improved by the treatment of NP3and NP4dispose in seedling period, and when quantity of fertilizing nitrogen reached180kg/ha, the soil water content increased along with increasing of fertilizer in jointing period beneath the depth of80cm.5. The sowing technology of QS significantly improved the seeds yield and water use efficiency of dry-land maize, reduced the water consumption, and its grain yield was44.52%and67.23%higher than that of half-film sowing in holes without furrow and CK (P<0.01), and compared with half-film and double-furrow, conventional film mulching and CK, grain yield of QS improved by17.72%,22.01%and47.00%(P<0.05), respectively, and water use efficiency raised by6.41%,18.54%and43.57%(P<0.05), respectively. The maximum weights of a hundred maize grains of dispose NP3and NP4were the planting densities of4.50×104plant/ha (D1) and6.75×104plant/ha (D2), and grain yield and water use efficiency of D2were higher than that of D1. Grain yields increased along with the augment of fertilization quantity, and when quantity of fertilizing nitrogen was over150kg/ha (D2level) or180kg/ha (D1level), yield and water use efficiency declined along with the augment of fertilizing amount.
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