Mountain Highway Engineering Geological Environment In The Water Seepage Mechanism Research

The groundwater and infiltration of rain and water is one of the most important factors that result in the highway geology disaster and the highway water damage, the construction of highway will not only meantime result in variety or break of groundwater and the earth's surface water environment, but also influence the ecological environment, condition of living and production. The water seepage mechanism is the theoretical foundation that carries on highway waterproof and drainage design, influence evaluation and environmental protection design of groundwater and the earth's surface water environment. The research of water seepage mechanism of highway is necessary very much.The water seepage mechanism of highway is the overlapping research realm of the highway engineering technique and the hydrogeology, the rock mechanics, the soil mechanics, the groundwater dynamics, it is science to inquire the groundwater flow and distribution regulation in highway engineering, to guide reasonably waterproof and drainage of the highway engineering, to protect highway engineering and groundwater environment in the construction and service activity of highway engineering. It involves the problems of highway engineering technique, groundwater storage, the seepage calculation, conduction and drainage of groundwater, protection of groundwater, etc.In the highway engineering, the water will make that roadbed become wet and soft, the groundwater water pressure enlarge, the strength of the roadbed and pavement be lower, then causes roadbed to sink, slope to freeze, expand, landslide and collapse, glide...etc, even make the whole roadbed to glide. The humidity that enters the bituminous pavement structure layer will wet the grain of inorganic bond, cause that the strength of the pavement structure layer be lower, the car of heavy load causes high-speed water current to scour of the pavement structure layer. When the temperature lowers to freeze, the pavement structure layer will be frost upheaval, making the bituminous pavement structure layer appear peeling off, loose and with pit pond etc. When the cement concrete pavement is at repeat pressure of heavy load vehicle, the water pressure in the cement concrete pavement will be great, the pavement clearance expand quickly, then the tiny grain of the joint neighborhood will be soften, the cement concrete pavement will spurt silt, cutting will take place under the cement concrete pavement, finally they cause cracking, broking joints, splitting and etc of the cement concrete pavement. The geologic disaster will take place, when the condition of groundwater or the moisture is changed in the special soil. The groundwater makes the country rock of the highway tunnel to dissolve, sour and soften, then lowers strength of the country rock. The groundwater not only influences stability and construction of the tunnel, but also may bring hidden safe dangers. The groundwater, infiltrating rain and water will worse highway seriously, lower the service quality of the highway engineering, increase the cost of maintenance of the highway engineering. The character and seepage path of the groundwater may be influenced and broken in the highway construction and service, it make in water shortage or water harm, the pollution of groundwater, and influence water environment, normal production and life of peripheral residents.There is a little research in water seepage mechanism of highway, the existing related research is the conduction and drainage at the earth's surface water, the simple calculation of the saturated seepage, the design and construction of waterproof and drainage at the direct observation experience, there is no or a few research on influence of the storage and conduction of groundwater with the highway engineering, on the seepage regulation of rain infiltration in the highway engineering structure. Therefore, the existing theories can't also satisfy the request that carries on the design of conduction and drainage of the highway engineering (especially the design of the conduction and drainage in the pavement structure), influence evaluation and protection design of the groundwater and the earth's surface water.In the explore in water seepage mechanism of highway engineering, at the foundation of author's and other people's research, the author study the groundwater seepage and infiltration of rain and water with the groundwater dynamics, the rock mechanics ,the soil mechanics, the hydrologic geology, the engineering geology, the agrology. With the research result of the water seepage mechanism of highway, the author also study the principle design of waterproof, drainage and water environmental protection. The author's work is as follows:(1) The water circulation, the groundwater type and conversion, the equilibrium and circulation in soil water are introduced and studied; The seepage characteristics of rock and soil in response to stress are analyzed and studied.(2) The influence to the seepage characteristics on rock and soil, and to groundwater seepage are analyzed in the highway construction, according to influence of strain and stress to the country rock and soil in the foundation processing, the excavation of roadbed and tunnel, the embankment of roadbed, by the change of seepage characteristics and boundary of soil and rock, and by the influence for seepage characteristics with strain and stress; The groundwater seepage model in mountain area highway is built up.(3) The relation of highway disaster and damage with the seepage in the special soil area is studied and summarized.(4) Because the roadbed is in the condition of stable seepage in the normal highway construction and service, the formula of level (water head) and discharge of cut, tunnel and drainage structure in condition of confined water and dive are deduced on the saturated seepage theory. The stability groundwater seepage model of highway engineering is established according to groundwater type, highway structure pattern, drain facilities pattern, whether carried on lining or timbering, combined pattern and layout.(5) The saturated and not-saturated seepage regulation in infiltration of rain are analysed with a few typical model of roadbeds and pavements by finite element method; According to the structure form and the seepage characteristics of the roadbed, pavement and road border, the amount of water level (water head) of groundwater, whether with percolation ditch etc., infiltration mechanism model of rain in the roadbed and pavement are set up in highway engineering geology environment.(6) Based on above calculation, analyze and research, the principle protection design method are studied for the decrease of influence and de stroy of rain and groundwater upon the highway engineering, the decrease of influence and destroy of the highway engineering construction upon groundwater, the earth's surface water environment.Based on this thesis of the groundwater seepage mechanism research in highway engineering geology environment, the theory and train of thought are supplied for the design of highway waterproof and drainage, the treatment of the geology disaster, the design and planning of highway, the influence evaluation and protection design of the groundwater and the earth's surface water environment for the highway engineering programming and construction. The innovation in the thesis is as follows:(1)The type of groundwater seepage and rain infiltration are differentiated, the model of groundwater seepage and rain infiltration is established in the highway engineering geologic environment;(2)The seepage mechanism is pointed out in the different geologic environment of highway engineering;(3)The influences of seepage, the method of waterproof and water prevention are put out in highway engineering geologic environment.