Congestion Effect, Labor Mobility And The Evolution Of Urban Scale System

China’s urbanization has made remarkable achievements, so far, more than half of the the population live in cities.At the same time, the phenomenon of labor flowing is putting on the stage, and made the bigger city more and more crowding, as well as city scale system is more and more tilted to the big city."Crowded","labor migration" and "evolution of urban scale system" has become a unique phenomenon in the process of China’s urbanization.In the future, urbanization will continue, how to avoid the congestion effects in some big cities, but also make more people share the welfare of urban civilization has become a meaningful research topic. In this background, this paper did research on the topic of "crowding effect, labor migration and evolution of urban scale system", and attempted to rise the phenomenon of crowding as an economic theory, analyze the mechanism of congestion effect and Labour mobility, further more, explore the way to adjust evolution of urban scale system.Therefore, the chapter2defined the concept of the congestion effect as the phenomenon that labor’s real life level declined by the expansion of urban population, and the source of the congestion effect was dued to traffic congestion, housing crowded, crowded public goods and elements crowded in the production. The chapter3built the interaction mechanism model of "crowded effect, labor mobility, and the evolution of urban scale system", and deemed that big cities’s congestion effect was a result of labor’s immigration, but the results would react on labor mobility, and constrainted the evolution of city scale system.This was the self-organization mechanism of evolution of urban scale system.At the same time, the non-market factors such as regional factors would also effect on labor mobility, and then fonned the other-organization mechanism of "regional factors,labor mobility and evolution of urban scale system".The chapter4tested the different sources of congestion effect and found that some big cities’s congestion effect did make people’s utility poorer than smaller cities.Further, the chapters empirically tested the result of the self-organization mechanism for labor mobility and other-organizational mechanism for labor mobility.The result showed that self-organization mechanism had not significantly effect the labor mobility;but cities’regional factors such as administrative level,the number of colleges significant attracted labor’s.The paper interpreted this phenomenon as that these cities’regional elements could improve labor’s human capital accumulation and cashability.In the end, the chaptero analyzed the labor’s flow direction in nearly a decade on national level and regional level, and its influence on the evolution of urban scale system. We found that, on the national level, labor mobility had led city scale system from the "inverted T" type to the "T" type. This showed that China’s urban scale system need adjustment, and guiding the labor up-down flowing in the urban system was a direct way to adjust the evolution of city scale system. Because labour mobility was influenced by self-organization mechanism and other-organization mechanism, so the chapter7proposed the viewpoint that urban scale system should be adjusted from the regional elements of cities, so that the labor’s flow pattern could be up-down.