The Study On The Ecological Compensation Management Mechanism And Policy Guarantee Of Liaohe River Basin

The report of the18th national congress of cpc (Communist Party of China) in2012clearly points out that, facing the grim situation of resource constraints tight,serious environmental pollution, ecosystem degradation, we should vigorouslypromote the construction of ecological civilization, establish ecological compensationsystem reflecting market supply and demand and resource scarcity, and the ecologicalvalues and intergenerational compensation. The2014Amendment of "People’sRepublic of China Environmental Protection Law"(January1,2015implementation)Article31stipulates clearly that the state should establish a sound ecologicalprotection compensation system. Therefore, as an environmental economic means ofadjusting the relationship among the economic environment relevant stakeholders ofthe river basin in upstream and downstream, the "ecological compensation" areapplied in ecological river basin management, which increasingly become a hot inacademic research and river basin management practices, and an important means ofbalancing the water resources environment interests of river basin in the new era.In recent years, with the continuous development of economy and society inLiaohe River Basin, water consumption and pollutant emissions make the pollution ofLiaohe River Basin serious, water and soil desertification of upstream areas serious.When East, West Liaohe River water flow into Liaoning Province, the water qualityare both Ⅴ class. We can see that the problem of inter-provincial boundary riverpollution is serious, and it is a serious threat to the safety of drinking water in mostparts of Liaoning Province. With increasingly tense relationship between the basinwith water, water use conflicts have become increasingly prominent. Consequently,ecological compensation becomes the key point of balancing the government inupstream and downstream between water relations and water benefit. Ecologicalcompensation between the government in upstream and downstream has the typicalfeatures of the game, due to the conflicts of various economic, social andenvironmental goals and interests of resources. On the basis of ecology, economicsand game theory of river basin ecological compensation, this paper comprehensively sets forth economic and social development and the natural environment profiles,analyzes the water resources condition and water environment management problemof Liaohe River Basin, and discusses the necessity of river basin ecologicalcompensation. Then from the perspective of game theory, a game model is built basedon cost-benefit, which systematically analyzes the game relations of the governmentin upstream and downstream during the construction of ecological compensationmechanism of Liaohe River Basin. Research on the contaminants pricing model andthe ACC model based on the total pollutant control, analyze the tendency of LiaoheRiver Basin pollution compensation, and establish the Liaohe River Basin ecologicalcompensation standard model, finally build the ecological compensation mechanismof Liaohe River Basin.As the research shows (1) Public investment had positive effect on the protectionof basin water resource and control of water pollution. But during the implement ofpublic investment there are still lots of problem such as the deep gap of fund demand,few sources of funding, single investment channel, the drawing of fund separationlack effective management, emphasis the construction of project, weak fundsupervising and lack of cooperation mechanisms among the different administrativeregions; As for the Liaohe river basin water environment management, there areissues like lack the implement of river basin water pollution compensation,imperfect ecological compensation mechanism which only have single mean, weakwater environment management mechanism among different regions. What’s more theecological compensation mechanism which should coordinate the relationship andbalance interests of use of basin water.（2）Under the situation which Liao River upstream exit water quality standard.The downstream government asked for the better water quality. It caused the problemcalled “prisoner’s dilemma” during the ecological compensation game between theupstream government and downstream government. It explain that the transversefiscal transfer payment among local governments have lost its function of theprotection of basin upstream water environment. To achieved the maximum utility ofecological compensation. It must through the way which combined both the bindingagreement between the local government and longitudinal fiscal transfer payment ofcentral government.（3）The result of the game shows that to ensure the smooth implementation of ecological compensation mechanism. The ecological compensation amount of centraland local government should be. The amount of downstream government can’t exceedthe interest. It means c≤bouter. Rest of the amount is borne by the nation to ensurethat c+c‘＞C-Binner.（4）The result of dynamic game between upstream and downstream governmentshows that realize basin optimal allocation through market mechanism. Ensure theright of compensation of downstream with legal and executive means. And bring inthe incentive factors, set it reasonably. Make the compensation amount of downstreamlager than the control costs of upstream. Changing benefit expection of upstreameffective, make upstream and downstream government make the reasonable choice toachieve the goals of basin environment and basin resource environment optimizing.（5）In this ecological compensation case, for the water quality status in theprovincial boundaries sections and the demands of the downriver province,Liaoning,Jilin and Inner Mongolia became the subjects and objects. Then an amountdetermining model of pollution disposal compensate came up. According to the waterquality goal listed in the Liao River water pollution control program in the12th5-yearplan, Liaoning should compensate Inner Mongolia￥14,022,580meanwhile Jilinshould compensate Liaoning￥2,1567,154in2011. Then according to the waterquality goal of the Liao River water function zoning, Liaoning should compensateInner Mongolia￥9,300,917meanwhile Jilin should compensate Liaoning￥31,654,015in2011.（6）Ecological compensating methods.According to the researches of the compensation aspects such as fund, substance,market and finance, discussing the subject of a concrete method of ecological andpollution compensate suitable for the Liao River, we put forward a“fund-policy-industry-district”4aspects cooperation compensating model, andsuggest giving motive forces to the ecological compensate mechanism by broadeningthe compensate funds channels, completing the governmental investment and itsrelated mechanism, then we can build a complete ecological compensation andpollution compensation evaluating-surveilling mechanism.Doing research on ecological compensating mechanism of Liao River providedtheoretical basis and methods to solve the issue like serious pollution and ecologicalenvironment deterioration of Liao River. Meanwhile it completed the resources and environment management system of Liaohe River basin. Provided important referencefor the sustainable development of Liaohe River basin and integrated river basinmanagement of China.