| BACKGROUNDDuring the recent 20 years, the fungal infection has become the killer of the human health indirectly and directly with the widespread use of radiotherapy, chemotherapeutics, organ transplantation, treatment of catheter, immunosuppressive therapy, and the development of broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially the spread of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the wide world and meanwhile, more and more gray-heads appear in the whole society, the proportion of the group that immunity dysfunction higher than before. Among them, infection of deep fungus is not only becoming a kind of common diseases and but also the main cause of death, ratio of deep fungus has up to 40 times than before. It exists several common diseases clinically, mainly including Cryptococcosis, Candidiasis, Aspergillosis etc. It is rarely happened on healthy people that infected the deep fungus because they own the whole immune system to defense themselves, however, while function of immune system deceases or destroys completely, the incidence of these diseases may up to 1000 times than those who own normal health.Candida exists in nature, meanwhile, is a permanent normal inhabitant that lives on the skin and mucous membrane of the healthy humans. It is considered as one of the main kinds of opportunistic pathogens, especially Candida albicans, being by far the most frequently isolated and also the most pathogenic species. The research about infection of Candida albicans has become the hot and difficult point in the medical field because it not only causes the disease among people commonly but also leads harmful effects severely.Cryptococcus neoformans, var gattii and var shanghai are the main causative organisms among these species. It also has a worldwide distribution. It does not cause any disorder for those who have normal immune defense system; While function of immune system deceases or destroys completely, It can easily lead to the infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Cryptococcosis is a kind of chronical, sub-acute even acute infection by Cryptococcus neoformans and some variations that affects brain, meninges, lungs, bones and skin. In the recent years, there is a current easily observed that the incidence of this disease rise, this disease mainly infected people with AIDS. The research of Cryptococcosis has been focused by the medical field in the country and abroad.It is entering a new phrase that research and study about antifungal agents since the end of the last century and the beginning of this century. The research and study of antifungal agents are facing a more serious situation because the spread use of broad spectrum of antibiotics and abuse of medicine, the possibility of fungal groups in the healthy body lose their balance rises, the incidence of the infection of fungi is up to dramatically, especially Candida albicans. There are several important anti-fungal azole drugs, mainly including Fluconazole, Itraconazole.Itraconazole is a kind of broad spectrum anti-fungal azole medicines. It is used to treat kinds of fungi infection. The effectiveness and safety of traconazole has been approved fully. It can reach effective concentration of drug rapidly in the blood of body intravenously. This way that take medicine intravenously is the only road for those who with severe condition that do not receive therapy through oral way. Itraconazole owns a character of broad-spectrum widely and side effects less, the development of Itraconazole injection makes Itraconazole used in a larger field Especially, it is a new choice of theray for infection of deep fungi.Cytokines secreted by activated cells in the haematogenous system, immune system, inflammation reaction. They can adjust differentiation and proliferation of cells and induce the functions of cells. They belong to peptides with high activity and functions, proteins and glycoprotein. The purpose of the cytokines therapy is to increase pro-inflammation effectively by boost up the reaction of immunity of humans. IFN-gamma and other cytokine... |
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