| Rice is a kind of low-protein crops,increasing the contents of protein and amino acid of rice corn has become a struggling target of agronomist for a long time.Field plot experiment was used in this study,"rice special fertilizer of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method" and "rice optimum nitrogen application of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method" were studied in this paper,and the results of research teams which included "high-protein and high-yield cultivation method", "double-promotion regulator" etc were combined into high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method.In additions,the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of the effects of high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method on the content of protein and amino acid in rice grains were discussed by way of the photosynthetic characteristic,key enzyme of carbon-nitrogen metabolism and the key enzyme of amino acid metabolism etc in this paper.The results have been showed as follows,1.The absorption and transportation of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium (K) in plant were accelerated by treatment of N-P-K-O-Si(application of silicon and manganese fertilizer,organic fertilizer,chemic nitrogen fertilizer,chemic phosphorus fertilizer and chemic potassium fertilizer) under the equal level of N,P,K condition,and net photosynthesis rate,grains yield,protein content and protein yield of brown rice, economic benefit of rice production were increased significantly.Compared with N-P-K treatment(application of chemic nitrogen fertilizer,chemic phosphorus fertilizer and chemic potassium fertilizer),under N-P-K-O-Si treatment,the grains yields,protein content of brown flee,protein yield of brown rice,net income and input-output ratio of early flee were increased 10.02%,7.55%,22.20%,19.45%and 10.51%,respectively. The same indexes of late rice were increased 6.16%,5.33%,20.60%,26.85%and 14.76%,respectively.2.Compared with high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,low nitrogen ratio cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of medium nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase(SUS) in leaves were increased significantly during the early and middle filling stage,the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),sucrose synthase(SUS) and ADPG-pyrophosphorylase(AGPGPase) in grains were increased significantly during the middle and late filling stage,the chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate of leaves were increased significantly and the synthesis and transportation of sucrose and soluble sugar were improved significantly.The plant height,panicle length,effective spike,full spiketlets per panicle,Seed rate,1000-grain weight,theoretic yield and real yield by medium nitrogen ratio cultivation method were the highest.The grain yield were raised 12.02%,8.47%and 24.81%,respectively.3.Compared with high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,low nitrogen ratio cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of medium nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the activities of sucrose nitrate reductase(NR) and protease in leaves during the early and middle filling stage,the activities of sucrose glutamine synthase and glutamine transferase in leaves during the early and middle filling stage and in grains during the middle and late filling stage and the absorption and transportation of nitrogen in plant were improved significantly.In the same way,the protein N content and protein yield in brown rice grain were the highest,the protein N contents in early brown rice were raised 5.75 g/kg,11.50 g/kg,12.50 g/kg and in late brown rice grain were raised 1.88 g/kg,20.81 g/kg,22.25 g/kg,respectively;the protein yield in early brown ricc grain were raised 8.20%,19.25%,26.21%and in late brown rice grain were raised 12.54%,18.32%,45.72%,respectively.4.Field plot experiment combined with lab analysis methods were used in this study,and the combination of early rice(XiangFengzao119) and late rice(PeiLiangyou 288) used as study material to discuss the effect of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method,san-zhuang- san-gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method on the content of protein and amino acid and their function mechanism.The results suggested that,compared with conventional cultivation method,the activities of Glutamicoxalacetic transaminase(GOT) and aspartokinase(AK) in functional leaves and grains during the middle and late filling stage,the contents of amino acid,lysine(the restrictive amino acid of protein in rice grain,the primary restrictive amino acid of pig), threonine(restrictive amino acid of protein in rice grain)and methionine(the restrictive amino acid of protein in rice grain),7 kinds of essential amino acid for people(Lys,Thr, Val,Met,Leu,Ile,Phe),11 kinds of essential amino acid for pig(Lys,His,Arg,Cys,Tyr, Thr,Val,Met,Leu,Ile,Phe),14 kinds of essential amino acid for chook(Ser,Gly,Pro, Lys,His,Arg,Cys,Tyr,Thr,Val,Met,Leu,Ile,Phe),protein as well as protein yield in brown rice(fodder rice,i.e.high protein rice) were improved significantly by high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method.Compared with san-zhuang- san -gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the content of amino acid,lysine,threonine,methionine,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,11 kinds of essential amino acid for pig,14 kinds of essential amino acid for chook,protein N as well as protein yield in early rice grain were raised 3.33%and 27.88%,7.83%and 23.17%,6.74%and 26.77%,13.48% and 52.38%,6.70%and 31.17%,5.03%and 34.40%,6.78%and 29.71%,3.36%and 16.97%,12.73%and 40.58%,respectively,the same indexes in late rice grains were raised 4.09%and 31.92%,13.26%and 69.42%,10.43%and 74.76%,7.44%and 28.99%, 9.33%and 53.97%,4.47%and 66.36%,8.52%and 64.68%,3.25%and 16.97%,42.00% and 55.09%,respectively.5.Field plot experiment combined with lab analysis methods were used in this study and discussed the effect of high-protein and high-yield cultivation method, san-zhuang-san-gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method on the content of amino acid in eatable rice(low protein rice) grain and their fimction mechanism.The results suggested that,compared with conventional cultivation method, the activities of GOT and AK in functional leaves and grains during the middle and late filling stage,the contents of amino acid,lysine and methionine,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,protein as well as protein yield in brown rice were improved significantly by high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method compared with conventional cultivation method.Except for protein content in early rice grains,the differences of other indexes between high-protein and high-yield integrative cultivation method and san-zhuang-san-gao cultivation method are not significant.Compared with san-zhuang-san-gao cultivation method and conventional cultivation method,by way of high nitrogen ratio cultivation method,the content of amino acid,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,lysine,methionine,protein N as well as protein yield in early rice grains was raised 4.09%and 31.92%,2.99%and 33.06%,1.95%and 18.55%,6.54% and 31.98%,6.76%and 27.57%,15.72%and 38.64%,respectively,the content of amino acid,7 kinds of essential amino acid for people,protein N as well as protein yield in late rice grains was raised 2.24%and 42.98%,9.20%and 58.05%,1.74%and 26.06%, 2.80%and 59.42%,respectively.6.The GOT and AK activity of forage rice was higher than eatable rice;the differences of GOT and AK activity between forage rice and eatable rice in functional leaves were significant during the dough stage,the differences of GOT activities between dough stage and yellow ripe stage in rice grain were also significant,the differences of AK activities between milk stage and dough stage in grain were extremely significant.The differences of 7 kinds of essential amino acid content for people,11 kinds of essential amino acid content for pig,14 kinds of essential amino acid content for chook,amino acid content,grain yield,protein-nitrogen content and protein yield of brown rice between forage rice and eatable rice were significant or extremely significant. |
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