| Chinese Mongolian horse was one of the oldest horse breeds in the world and had being came into sevel choiceness horse types such as Xinihe(XN), Baerhu(BH), Wushen(WS), Wuzhumuqin(WZ)after evolution of genetic variation and natural selection for a long time. Mongolian horse was valuable genetic resources of human being because of some good qualities including resisting chilliness, good endurance, strong antidisease and getting on well with others easily. Some system work was few about Mongolian horse's genetic diversity, origin evolution and genetic relationship in China. In my paper, genetic diversity of D-Loop region and Cytb gene of mtDNA are detected and comparatively analyzed by PCR-SSCP, PCR-RFLP and PCR products sequencing, 309 samples are included in four types of Chinese Mongolian horse, importing breed Thoroughbred(TB), cultivating breed Sanhe horse(SH)and local breed Guangxi pony(GP). The result showes that:(1)There is abundant genentic diversity in Chinese Mongolian horse.(2)Chinese Mongolian horse came of multiple female ancestor.(3)mtDNA heteroplasmy phenomenon is detected in Chinese Mongolian horse.(4)We speculated that Chinese several Mongolian horses came of Przewalskii horse, namely Mongolian wild horse.(5)There is close genetic relationship of Mongolian horses between Chinese and Mongolian.(6)It is estimated the divergence time of Chinese Mongolian horse, TB, SH and GP approximately happened between 0.22 and 0.61 million years befour.(7)It indicates there is very significant divergence among three big breeds and the differences also significant between different types of Chinese Mongolian horse.(8)The size of Chinese Mongolian horse population kept stable and kinds of horses did not undergo expansions or lasting increase pattern.(9)The genetic relationship between WZ and WS is the closest; more close between XN and BH, both of them are less close with SH and the relationship among five horse type of Inner Mongolia with GP and TB is more far.
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