| Saline-alkali wasteland is widely distributed in Yinchuan Plain, accounting for 80% of that in Ningxia province. Saline-alkali wasteland has not only restricted Large-scale development of Local agriculture, but also brought threat to regional ecological restoration and reconstruction. Along with the present Western Development, the proposing of fast amelioration models for saline-alkali wasteland in Yinchuan Plain are very important to western vegetation recovery.In this paper, on the base of the analysis of Saline-alkali wasteland types in Yinchuan plain, we selected adaptable unique krilium of Saline-alkali wasteland as a breakthrough, and allocated suitable salt-tolerant dominant species for local cultivation, at last the planting experiments were carried in northern of AiYi river, Saline-alkali amelioration experimental station of Pinluo west beach and Huilong Lihe village. Through the experimental studies on the rational fertilization of organic manure, water-salinity regulation, the combined planting model of arbor+shrub+grass, we proposed fast restoration models for Saline-alkali, Alkaline and Saline wasteland. The fast restoration models provided scientific basis to the amelioration and utilization of Saline-alkali wasteland.First, the formation mechanisms of Saline-alkali wasteland were investigated and the Saline-alkali wasteland were Classified into three types. After the investigation of vegetation and analysis of the soil physical and chemical properties in Yinchuan Saline-alkali wasteland, the saline wasteland in Yinchuan Plain were classified into three types according to the Classification criterion. Alkaline meadow soil, of which the total salt is under 4g/kg, the PH is above 9, the ESP is above 25%; Saline marsh soil, of which the total salt is above 8g/kg, the PH is under 8, the ESP is under 15%; The property of saline meadow soil is between alkali wasteland and saline wasteland, of which the total salt is 4-8 g/kg, the PH is among 8-9, the ESP is 15%-25%.Second, the fast amelioration models of different wastelands were determined, through the experimental studies on amelioration methods of different types and the same type with different high salt content. We obtained the unique kriliums of Saline-alkali wasteland, fast fertilization and dominant plants allocation. At the same time, we proposed that the combination of kriliums+yellow sand+organic manure+inorganic manure can fast ameliorated the Saline-alkali wasteland and the survival rate of instruction crops achieved above 95%, through field salt-water regulation, salt washing, preventing of the salt return. Compared with traditional amelioration method of the organic manure and inorganic manure combination, survival rate with new method was higher than 50%.Third, in view of the different characteristics of different Saline-alkali wasteland types, three kinds of arbor+shrub+grass combination models and plans of regional plant pattern disposition were proposed, which enable the plant pattern in Saline-alkali wasteland to configure quickly. The three combination models included the poplar+alfafa, poplar+wolfberry, and poplar+amorpha fruticosa. The results showed the survival rate of plants could achieve ablove 86%.In brief, based on the massive experiments, the fast amelioration models for Saline-alkali wasteland with the combination of chemistry measure, physics measure, biological control measure, and water conservation measure were effective and successful. The models broke through the mistaken ideas of traditional amelioration models dependent on the engineering or physical measures, and solved the repeated problems which appeared in the Saline-alkali wasteland amelioration process. Especially, with the key technologies of suitable kriliums selection, fast fertilization, salt-water regulation, facilities seedling, the models broke through the common amelioration models, fast ameliorated the Saline-alkali wasterland of Yinchuan Plain with higher underground water level, and have obvious innovation. |
PDF Full Text Request