Study On Arthropod Community And Ecological Control Of Major Pests In Castanea Henryi Forest

In this study,according the systematical investigation of Castanea henryi forest,the trial of field and indoor,the structure and dynamics of arthropod community in Castanea henryi forest were studied systematically for the first time,by knowledge and technique of ecology,taxonomy,statistics and computer etc..The influence to the structure and dynamics of arthropod community in Castanea henryi forest and the regulation function to the population quantity of major pests were analyzed and discussed by the factors that different Castanea henryi variety,different management and operation way,different pest control measure,different altitude above sea level.The spatial distribution pattern of the major pests were studied and the ecological regulation and management technology system were proposed for the first time.The results were as follows:1. The arthropod community in Castanea henryi forest were investigated systematically for the first time.The 209 species that belonged to 2 classes,17 orders and 100 families were collected.The 176 species that belonged to 2 classes,17 orders and 94 families were collected from the Castanea henryi canopy,the 177 species that belonged to 2 classes,17 orders and 89 families were collected from the underlayer of Castanea henryi forest.2.In the annual period the richness,individual number and dominant concentration of the canopy arthropod group were much more than the underlayer arthropod group.The diversity and evenness of the canopy arthropod group were lower than the underlayer arthropod group.The individual number of the canopy phytophagous groups was the most.The proportion of the parasitic and neutral groups were small and the fluctuation were also small.The individual number of the phytophagous groups was also the most in the the underlayer arthropod group, the neutral groups were the scend groups.The diversity of the natural enemies groups in the canopylayer were more than the phytophagous and neutral groups, The individual number of the parasitic groups distributes evenly and stably. 3.The arthropod community time pattern was divided to 3 stages by optimal partition methods.The predominant factors of the arthropod community were maked clear by the principal component analysis methods.The pertinency between the diversity and the richness, evenness , dominant concentration were analyzed by regress and path analysis method.The underlayer and canopy layer arthropod groups were analyzed by the Clustering analysis method.4.There were high similarity in the species composition between the underlayer and canopy arthropod groups.There were distinct positive relativity in the predacity groups, parasitic groups, spider groups between the underlayer and canopy arthropod groups.The relation of the two groups were showed the mutual promotions of the diversity by the typical pertinency analysis method.5. In the annual period contrast to the type that was deserted, the type that was managed carefully and controlled without chemical decreased the richness,individual number of the canopy group unobviously,but increased the diversity , evenness and decreased the dominant concentration obviously.The type that was managed carefully and controlled with chemical and the type that was managed carelessly and controlled with chemical decreased the richness,individual number, specis diversity and evenness of the canopy groups, but increased the dominant concentration obviously.The type that was managed carelessly and controlled without chemical influence unobviously to the canopy groups.All the management types would decrease the richness,individual number , specis diversity ,evenness of the underlayer group and increase the dominant concentration, influence the component and structure of all the function groups.6..There were similarity in the richness, but were different in the individual number , dominant concentration ,specis diversity and evenness between the canopy groups of different variety.The different variety influence the phytophagous groups, parasitic groups, predacity groups obviously,influence the underlayer arthropod group unobviously.7.Contrast to the type that was managed without pest control measure,all the pest control measure would decrease the richness,individual number , specis diversity and evenness of the canopy groups, but increase the dominant concentration.Flolimat influence the underlayer arthropod group obviously,but other pest control measure influence the underlayer arthropod group unobviously.8.The component of species of the canopy arthropod group were different obviously between the different altitude above sea level.The dynamics of arthropod groups were different obviously among the low altitude above sea level region, the middling altitude above sea level region, the tall altitude above sea level region.The different altitude above sea level influence the canopy arthropod group obviously.With the altitude above sea level increasing, the richness,individual number , specis diversity and evenness of the underlayer group decrease, but the dominant concentration increase.9.That showed the space distrubution of Dryocosmas kuriphrilus Yasumatus, Asterolecanium castaneae Russell, Curculio davidi Fairmaira coincide with aggregation distribution by the frequency distribution test , the aggregation index test and the regression model test.The aggregation causation were tested by the Bliackith species group aggregation average number(λ).That showed the aggregation of Dryocosmas kuriphrilus Yasumatus, Asterolecanium castaneae Russell, Curculio davidi Fairmaira were caused by the insect behaviour or the effect between the insect behaviour and environment inhomogeneity.10.Baseed on Dryocosmas kuriphrilus Yasumatus, Asterolecanium castaneae Russell, Curculio davidi Fairmaira space pattern, Iwao sequential sampling table, Kuno risk adhocery sequential sampling table, Iwao-Kuno(1968)theoretical sampling number were upbuilded.That showed the space distrubution of Dryocosmas kuriphrilus Yasumatus, Asterolecanium castaneae Russell, Curculio davidi Fairmaira coincide with aggregation distribution and the species group type was"zore frequency dependent"by the zero frequency method, and the theoretical sampling number by zero frequency method was upbuilded.11.The factors that different variety, different management type, different pest control measure, different altitude above sea level adjust and control the population quantity of Dryocosmas kuriphrilus Yasumatus, Asterolecanium castaneae Russell, Curculio davidi Fairmaira obviously.The result of control experiment showed the control effect of the imidacloprid , fruit tree pruning, hanging the gall were good.The ecological regulation and management technology system were proposed.