The Theory And Key Technology Of Safety Control For Hazardous Materials' Tanker Transportation In Railway

The hazardous materials, which are abundant in variety, large in demand, and complex in nature, are difficult to manage with complex transport organization and scrutiny. At present,85% of hazardous materials are distributed by tankers in Chinese railway system, including gas, flammable, oxidizing, poisonous, corrosive liquids and many other kinds. Due to the particularity of hazardous materials, while distributing them, it is required not only to take the place of shipment departure, the measurement method of shipment and transport routine into consideration, but to determine the type of tank, tank material, and the appropriate accessories such as the safety valve on the basis of the nature of these goods. In the transportation process, the hazardous materials' tanker transportation in railway are always distributed in columns with large capacity, rendering them even more dangerous on their way to destination if a small part of them went out of control with fire, explosion, poisoning, pollution and other serious accidents as a result. Therefore, the tanker transportation of hazardous materials has always been a top priority to the railway safety.In recent years, the management of the Chinese railway tanker transportation safety of hazardous materials has improved significantly through regulating by entire chapters, lawful management, targeted rectification, scientific and technological progress. But further study in some key areas and crucial technology is still far from sufficient.Aiming at improving the weak links in some key aspects of theoretical and technological research, this dissertation carefully studied the optimization for the allocation of the handling stations,1 dynamic testing and positioning, transportation routing, and the whole process of three-level (Ministry of Railways, Railway Administration Bureau, and stations) security monitoring systems by applying related theory according to the characteristics of the tanker transportation of hazardous materials and the reality in China.Innovative findings in this dissertation are mainly as follows:(1) Lacking theoretical support for the optimal allocation of handling station for railway tanker transportation of hazardous materials, this dissertation divided the many factors into several layers according to certain attributes with multi-level comprehensive evaluation method, and then builds an evaluation system of qualitative and quantitative indicators. On these bases, a multi-level structural model has been build to optimize the allocation of the process station, and fuzzy mathematics has been applied to evaluate it and algorithm for solution has been proposed.(2) The theory and method of deciding the transportation pathways has been meticulously studied, combining the features and factors in the railway tanker transportation of hazardous materials such as risk factors, accident-leading disastrous factors, and post-accident remedial capacity. The elements and objectives of the pathway selection process have been analyzed in the dissertation, and the concept of safety factor has been put forward. Furthermore, the problem has been discussed from the network assignment angle based on safety factor, with integrated use of Double-sweep algorithm and immune cloning algorithm as a solution.(3) This dissertation systematically studies two aspects involving the realization of real-time monitoring system:as to measurement, the magnetostrictive sensor, magnetostrictive liquid level measurement, density measurement, density measurement and amendments has been included; as to safety design, the monitoring instrument explosion-proof design, explosion-proof design of measurement sensors, sensors' physical isolation is also included, and a technical system has been built which realizes real-time monitoring on indicators such as inside the tank pressure, temperature, liquid height, medium density.(4) Based on the relevant theoretical research and integrated use of a variety of advanced technologies, the three-level monitoring system of the railway tanker transportation of hazardous materials has been built. This dissertation successfully applied technologies to realize the monitoring of the whole process of admissibility of hazardous materials' tanker transportation in railway, forwarding, loading, escorts, operation, unloading, storage, etc.