| Tunnel fire has great danger and brought much difficulty in dispersing persons,which may easily result in heavy injuries and deaths. At resent, life is highly valuedand human is centered. Thus, how to ensure people's security of escaping in roadtunnel fire and how to evaluate properly its fire safety condition are vital to tunneldesign and management. Taking the question on the Fire Controlling and RescuingTechnology for the Xuefeng Mountain Extra-Long Road Tunnel from the Ministry ofTransportation, hosted by the author, as the object, this paper had carried out somestudies as follows:(1)According to the characters of tunnel fire, a three—dimensional mathematicalmodel of the smoke movement in Xuefeng Mountain tunnel fires was established byusing FDS4.0 fire simulation soft, and the steady and dynamic conditions of the firein this tunnel were simulated. The law of smoke temperature field, visibility, COconcentration and its distribution changed with ventilation were studied. Comparedwith the experimental results from the similar tunnel fire model, the reasonablenessand effectiveness of this model were validated.(2) The influence of the people's behaviors reactions to evacuation in tunnel firewas analyzed based on the sum-up of behavior reactions law in fire. Besides, thepreliminary knowledge database of people's behaviors reactions in tunnel fire was setup, which has been applied to the computer model of safety evacuation design andsimulation.(3) By analyzed the criterion of the safety evacuation, factors affected on safetyevacuation, calculating method of evacuation time, a special computer soft TUNEVmodel for simulation of people's safe evacuation from tunnel fire is developed, andseveral critical calculation parameters are typically introduced. Combining withXuefeng Mountain tunnel project, the feasibility and applicability of TUNEV modelare validated. In addition, it has emphasized on the discussion of the design forintervals between escaping passages from view of people's safe evacuation, and the calculation results had good consistency with criterion, which showed the engineeringapplication value of assistant calculation methods.(4) Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the assessment index systemof people's safe evacuation is established, and AHP model was founded. The weightof safety evacuation indexes are obtained by experts judgments which passed therelated consistency examination. The safe evacuation system was graded evaluatedwith fuzzy synthesis assessment model, which has been proven to be able toaccomplish the analysis and evaluation of the safe evacuation index in the tunnelobjectively and rightly. So it can improve the management scientifically, andguarantee the safety of life effectively.(5) The fire cases of big and middle-scale tunnel in 50 years were summed, andthe statistics of its reasons were presented. According to the tunnel fire reasons andfault tree analysis (FTA) theory, the fault tree of reasons on fire in big andmiddle-scale tunnel was established. The importance of every basic event of fault treeof reasons on tunnel fire were calculated and sequenced by counting its probability, sothe frequent reasons were found out. Furthermore, some precautions and sometechnical management strategies against tunnel fire were put forwarded.(6) The existent problems of tunnels which had occurred momentous fire areanalyzed based on safety system analysis combined with tunnel fire statistic. Theprinciple block diagram and assessment indexes system of fire fighting safety systemin tunnel are founded, and synthetic assessment function grounded on statistic byusing multi-elements was established. The fire fighting safety systems of typicaltunnels were evaluated reasonably, and grade criterion was formatted by its results.The assessment of the example in Xuefeng Mountain tunnel has shown that thismethod can well evaluate the status of fire fighting safety system in tunnel, so that thefire precautions may be accurately adopted, and the serious potential risk may beavoided. Furthermore, the fire fighting safety tactics and its related commanding stepsin guiding the escaping were discussed.
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