Study On Ecological Security And Sustainable Development Evaluation For Guilin Tourist City In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

The impact of ecological environment on the tourist city proper and tourist destinations is not only conducive to the maintenance of its ecological safety but also to its sustainable development.To create a better tourist environment in tourist cities,a better understanding should be given to the impact of urban activities,tourist activities and the impact of tourism development and construction on biological diversity,surface structure,resources occupation and other aspects.And to understand the situation of environmental pollution,considerations should be taken into whether structure of ecosystem is reasonable and whether the tourist city gives its function to full play.So,constricting factors which impact eco-environmental safety would be analyzed and selection with estimating the ecological security of tourist city is needed.It would provide theoretical basis with scientific,objective for ecological planning,ecological construction,ecological management and ecological control of the tourist city.So as to realize sustainable development of the tourist city and the tourism.In this paper,data were collected from the past years' statistical data,through field survey and expert interview.Those have used from analytic hierarchy process,factor analysis and fuzzy mathematics combined with the ecological footprint model,the pressure - state - response theory model with quantitative and qualitative.Based on the theory of sustainable development,ecology, environmental science,composite urban ecosystem and so on,tourist city of Guilin in Guangxi Province has been measured by ecological footprint,ecological security fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and ecological sustainable development evaluation.The result indicated that:Through measure ecological footprint of Guilin,and the results reflect that since 1998 to 2005 the total of ecological footprint and ecological footprint per person was raised year after year at high speed. There were no changes in total ecological carrying capacity and ecological carrying capacity per person. In 1998 the total ecological footprint was basically equal to the total ecological carrying and the total ecological deficit and ecological deficit per person were 0.The total ecological footprint was 1.66 times of the total ecological carrying capacity in tourist city of Guilin in 2005,and it was in the situation of ecological deficit.The ecological deficit per person was 0.438 hm².It showed that the necessaries of substance for produce and life and resource consumption were increasing continually during these 8 years,and the consumption ecologically exceeded Guilin.From the view of resource utilization,if we only rely on the natural conditions to develop Guilin city,it would be bound to the unsustainable use of resources.The value of ecological security was 0.56 which belonged to "critical security" in tourist city of Guilin in 2005.It reflects that the ecological environment of Guilin was in a state of improvement through the management and maintenance.The influential factors on the ecological security for tourist city were utilization intensity from tourism resources,degree of damage to tourism resources,air quality, green space coverage degree,effluent standard for industrial waste water,strength ecological protection, and the GDP proportion of environmental protection devotion.Through evaluating ecological sustainable of Guilin,the result reflects that between 1998 to 2005 ecological sustainable development of Guilin improved year by year.The result of ecological sustainable development evaluating in tourist city of Guilin was increased to 1.58 in 2005 from -1.56 in 1998,which was increased by 2 times.It showed that the level of ecological development of tourist city Guilin in 2005 is the best year.Trough evaluating and research it reflects that the existence of restriction for ecological security and sustainable development of tourist city Guilin was as follows:there were big population mobility and tourist flows,low urbanization level,the content SO₂ of biotic environment,changes in the larger area of nature reserves,low urban green coverage rate on structural function;second,there were relatively low productivity and efficiency of resource,little change of economic growth model,no reasonable industrial structure,intensive development of tourism resources on production function;third, there were increasing consumption of biological resources and energy demand on the consumption function;forth,there were no unblocked fund flow and no obvious increase in the capacity of social security on regulation function.In this paper,the level of ecological security and sustainable development of Guilin tourist city was evaluated relatively completely and comprehensively at three different levels which were ecological footprint,ecological security and ecological sustainability.The results showed that the methods of evaluating in tourist city were simple and feasible in practice,and the evaluation results were more or less the same to the actual state of Guilin tourist city.