The Rapid Detection Technology For Assessing Integrated Biotoxicity Of Agricultural Products' Pollutants Using Luminescent Bacteria

Based on the lab scale research of single and binary toxicity experiments on pollutants of agricultural products such as heavy metal, pesticide and animal medicine had been conducted using Vibro qinghaiensls and photobacterium phosphoreum on the basis of luminescent principle. The biotoxicity of single heavy metal and integrated biotoxicity of the mixture of heavy metal by mixing up two or three or four kinds of heavy metal are determined using photobacterium phosphoreum. The concentration of each kind of heavy metal in mixture is determined by one of statistical method called general regression circumrotate experimental design. The regression model which explained the correlation between the concentration of heavy metal and the relative intensity of luminescence is constructed for each mixture on the analysis of the total toxicity, interaction and main elements effect of it. The interaction effect and integrate biotoxicity of multi-pollutants had been opened out by which a set of mathematical model had been established including the rapid evaluation system on farm products such as fresh milk, fresh pork and fresh beef using luminescent bacteria. The evaluation system considers being rapid and compositive which consummates the pre-alarming system and monitoring system for farm products. The main conclusions are drawn as followings:Experiments had been conducted with materials including four kinds of heavy metals, eighteen kinds of pesticides and six kinds of veterinary drugs by which reveal that the rapid toxicity effects to luminescent bacteria vary from the species of pollutants and testing bacteria. Within certain rang of concentrations the relative luminescent intensity has positive correlation with concentration of pollutants. The correlation coefficients are all above 0.9.The joined toxicities of mixture of several kinds of heavy metals to photobacterium phosphoreum vary to different concentrations. Ten regression models between relative luminescent intensity and concentration had been drawn out according to experiment results, which had been tested with high significance and fine goodness of fit. The experiment results demonstrate that the interaction effect between Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ is synergistic, implying that the actual toxicity of mixture is higher than the sum of toxicities. The interaction of Hg²⁺-Cd²⁺and Pb²⁺-Cr⁶⁺ is merely additive while main interaction of Hg²⁺-Cr⁶⁺ ,Pb²⁺-Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺-Cr⁶⁺is antagonistic. As for the mixture of Hg, Cr⁶⁺ and Cd²⁺,the toxicity effect of the three is Hg²⁺,Pb²⁺,Cd²⁺ from high to low. Hg²⁺-Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺-Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺-Cd²⁺ have interactions which mainly is antagonistic among which the antagonistic effect between Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ is significant. As for the mixture of Hg²⁺, Cr⁶⁺ and Pb²⁺ the single toxicity effect from high to low can be Hg²⁺, Cr⁶⁺ and Pb²⁺. The interactions of Hg²⁺-Pb²⁺, Cr²⁺-Hg²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺-Pb²⁺ are not significant in the mixture. As for the mixture of Hg, Cr⁶⁺ and Cd²⁺ the interaction of Hg²⁺-Cd²⁺ and Cd²⁺-Cr⁶⁺ is not obvious and Hg²⁺-Cr⁶⁺ is antagonistic. In the mixture of Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ there are antagonistic interactions for Hg²⁺-Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺-Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺-Cr⁶⁺, Pb-Cr⁶⁺, Cd²⁺-Cr⁶⁺ among which the effects of Hg²⁺-Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺-Cd²⁺ and Hg²⁺-Cr⁶⁺ are obvious. With the increase of the species in mixtures the interactions among heavy metals become complicated which is due to the joined toxicity of different concentrations and main factors'effects.The joined toxicities of mixture of several kinds of pesticides to photobacterium phosphoreum vary to different concentrations. Six regression models between relative luminescent intensity and concentration had been drawn out according to experiment results, which had been tested with high significance and fine goodness of fit. In the binary mixture of carbendazim and flusilazole the toxicity of carbendazim is greater than flusilazole. The relative luminescent intensity of emamectin and ivermectin varies from 39.26% to 46.61% and the interaction of them is merely addictive. In the mixture of dichloroquinolinic acid and anilofos the toxic effect of dichloroquinolinic acid is greater than anilofos and the joined toxicity is synergistic. The antagonistic interaction of pyridaben and monosultap is significant in the mixture of pyridaben, ivermectin and monosultap while the interactions of pyridaben-ivermectin and monosultap-ivermectin are unobvious. As for the mixture of dimethoate, Lambda-cyhalothrin and monosultap the interactions of pesticides are insignificant.Experiments had been conducted using Vibro qinghaiensls with multi-species of veterinary drug mixture in different concentrations. The joined toxicities vary from the concentration rang. The joined toxicity for Sulfamethoxazole and Sulfaquinoxaline is synergistic according to different concentrations. As for the mixture of Oxytetracycline, Olaquindox and Sulfaquinoxaline the interaction of Olaquindox and Sulfaquinoxaline is negative and the interaction of Oxytetracycline and Olaquindox is antagonistic. The joined toxicities of different concentrations of multi-species of pesticides and heavy metals to photobacterium phosphoreum are different. Six regression models between relative luminescent intensity and concentration had been drawn out according to experiment results, which had been tested with high significance and fine goodness of fit. In the binary mixtures of carbendazim-Hg²⁺, dichlovos-Cd²⁺, dichloroquinolinic acid-Cr⁶⁺ and Rogor-Pb²⁺ the joined toxicities are antagonistic. In the mixture of carbendazim, rogor and Cd²⁺ the interaction of carbendazim and Cd²⁺ is antagonistic while the interactions of carbendazim-rogor and rogor-Cd²⁺ are insignificance. The interactions of acephate-Hg²⁺ and dichloroquinolinic acid-Hg²⁺ are antagonistic while the effect of acephate-dichloroquinolinic acid is unobvious in the mixture of acephate, Hg²⁺ and dichloroquinolinic acid. As for the mixture of carbendazim, Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ the antagonistic interaction of Hg²⁺-Pb²⁺ is obvious while interactions of carbendazim-Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺-carbendazim is insignificant. In the mixture of acephate, dichloroquinolinic acid, Cd²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ the interactions of each two factors are antagonistic among which the interactions of acephate-dichloroquinolinic acid, acephate-Cd²⁺ and acephate-Cr⁶⁺ are significant. In the mixture of carbendazim, acephate, Cr⁶⁺ and Pb²⁺ the antagonistic interaction of carbendazim-acephate is significant while the rest is unobvious.Based on the lab scale research evaluation grading system had been carried out for farm products according to the relative luminescent intensity of 30 minutes which can be applied in the rapid safety evaluation of farm products such as fresh milk, fresh pork and beef and foliate vegetables.The determination of joined toxicity of various kinds of mixture of pollutants using luminescent bacteria is a rapid biological method by which the general biotoxicity of farm products can be evaluated and which can be applied in the pre-selection of polluted farm products. The general biotoxicity evaluation system provides quick, simple and cheap access to the on-time discovery and analysis of potential hazards in farm products. It is promising and innovative in food safety detection area with its advantages in the on-site detections.