The Preparation And Catalytic Activity Research Of Nanometer-sized Oxides

Solid propellant is an important research field of military affairs and spaceflight technology. Now solid propellant with high energy and high burning rate is one of the most pop aspects. Among those methods to improve the burning rate of solid propellant, the nanometer-sized catalyst has been considered as one kind of most prospective methods. In this dissertation, we conduct the research on the nanometer-sized oxide catalyst under the support of national chief equipment ministry fund. In order to improve the catalytic performance of nanometer-sized oxide on the thermal decomposition of AP, the methods of the surface modification, doped mixing and composite with AP directly of nanometer-sized oxide are studied. Those main works are as follows:1. Take example for ferric oxide (Fe2O3), the surface-modification (SM) techniques of nanometer-sized(NMS) oxides were investigated and the catalytic activity of surface-modified NMS oxides on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was analyzed. The SM techniques applied to Fe2O3 include: Modify the nanometer-sized Fe2O3 particles in oil/water two-phase system during their preparation by applying appropriate surfactant, In this dissertation, the NMS particles preparation method and surfactant are the two-phase system method and the oleic acid respectively. Prepare the NMS Fe2O3 particles in water phase firstly, and then modify the prepared Fe2O3 particles in oil phase by using certain surfactant, In this section, the NMS particles preparation method and surfactant are the Gel-Sol method and the acetic acid respectively. Modify the NMS Fe2O3 particles in water system during their preparation by applying appropriate surfactant. In this section, the NMS particles preparation method is force hydrolysis method and the surfactants are sodium oleic acid, DBS and stearic acid respectively. The results show that the NMS Fe2O3 particles with narrow size distribution can be obtained by using the three SM techniques discussed above. The SM process can improve the catalytic activity of NMS Fe2O3 particles on the thermal decomposition of AP. Among those SM techniques, the first technique can achieve better effect.2. Mix the transition metal oxide (TMO) and rare earth oxide(REO) and analyze the catalytic activity of those mixtures on the thermal decomposition of AP. Main worksinclude: Mix the random two kinds of material among three TMOs including theCuO and CO2O3 with different rate, and then analyze the catalytic activity of those mixtures on the thermal decomposition of AP. Mix random one kind of TMO (Fe2O3, CuO and Co2O3) and one kind of REO (CeO2, Nd2O3 and Y2O3) and analyze the catalytic activity of those mixtures on the thermal decomposition of AP. The results show that the catalytic activity of oxide mixtures on the thermal decomposition AP exhibit three kinds of cooperation action determined by the component and proportion of the mixtures. The three cooperation action are positive, zero and negative cooperation action respectively.3. The oxide/AP composite NMS particles were prepared by the solvent-nonsolvent method and their catalytic performance on the thermal decomposition of AP was analyzed. In this section, the applied oxides include Fe2O3, CuO, CO2O3, Nd2O3 and Y2O3. The results show that the preparing the oxide/AP composite particles not only improve the dispersed capability of NMS oxide particles, but also augments the contacting area of NMS oxide particles with AP. Hence the catalytic activity of NMS oxide particles on the thermal decomposition of AP can achieve obvious improvement.4. Take example for Fe2O3, the composite process of Fe2O3 and AP on the combustion performance of composite propellant was analyzed. The results show that the composite process of Fe2O3 and AP can improve the burning rate and decrease the pressure index of composite propellant.5. Take example for Al, the composite process of Al and AP on the combustion performance of composite propellant was analyzed. The results show that the composite pro...