| In this dissertation, new challenged ideas are introduced to overcome the difficulties and hotspot in biological assessment for environmental quality in bays and estuaries. For this purpose, three study areas (Xiamen harbor subtidal zone, Shenzhen Futian intertidal zone and Jimei Fenglin mangrove area) were investigated to conduct some research work on benthos, especially macrofauna during several surveys from 2001 to 2003. The description of macrofaunal community structures in these different areas and biotopes were realized. Primer 5.0 and SPSS software were used to deal with macrofaunal data. Two biotic indices, Biotic Coefficient (BC) and Benthic Index of Biological Integrity (B-IBI), recently suggested by European and American scientists were applied and commented on this study. A new biotic index, which is called Macrofaunal Pollution Index (MPI), was also established. This index, which is easily used by technicians in different fields of science, was found fitted to the seawaters and biotopes to our areas. Furthermore, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in macrofauna in Jiulong River Estuary were investigated. The effect of PAHs on enzyme activity in Ruditapes philippinarum was determined. Many important research results were obtained in this study. They are as follow:1. One hundred and sixteen species of Macrofauna were gotten in Xiamen Harbor subtidal zone in six surveys from July 2001 to May 2003. Among 116 species of macrofauna, 66 species belong to Annelida, 18 Mollusca, 17 Anthropoda, 5 Echinodermata and 10 others. Aglaophamus dibranchis, Notomastus latericeus and Cirratulus sp. had the highest appearing frequency. They were almost found at all sampling stations. Potamocorbula laevis, Cossurella dimorpha, Amaeana trilobata and Isolda pulchella had a high density in some sites. The macrofaunal species number, density and biomass have increased after banning the aquaculture activities in Xiamen Western bay in 2002.2. Thirty-four species of macrofauna were obtained on Futian inter-tidal zone in Shenzhen Bay in 2002. Among 34 species of macrofauna, 18 Annelida, 7 Mollusca, 7 Anthropoda and 2 others. The dominant species were Limnodriloides sp., Dendronereis pinnaticirris, Potamilla acuminata, Capitella capitata and Apseudes mortoni. Compared with Xiamen Harbor subtidal zone, Macrofaunal community at sampling stations on Futian intertidal zone in Shenzhen Bay had high similarities. All stations have been combined at 50% similarity. There were marked distribution patterns in horizontal and vertical transects in correlation with the pollution grads.3. Fourty two species of macrofauna were gotten in Jimei Fenglin mangrove area in 2002. Among 34 species of Macrofauna, 17 Annelida, 11 Mollusca, 9 Anthropoda and 5 others. The dominant species were Assiminea scalaris, Cerithidea djadjariensis, and Uca arcuata. Limnodriloides sp. had a high density in January 2002.4. The mean value of species diversity index (H') in Xiamen Harbor subtidal zone was the highest among three biotopes. The mean H' in Jimei Fenglin mangrove area was the second and the lowest one was on Futian intertidal zone in Shenzhen Bay. The mean H' value in former three cruises was lower than that in last three ones in Xiamen Harbor subtidal zone.The mean H' values show that environmental quality in Xiamen Harbor has improved after aquaculture in Xiamen Western bay was prohibited. It is important to note that H' was higher in some polluted status, was not sensitive in some cases, and its value had great differences at different seasons and biotopes.5. Macrofaunal pollution index (MPI) was established according to the macrofaunal data collected on intertidal zone and subtidal zone in Shenzhen Bay, in Xiamen Western Bay, in Luoyuan Bay and in Xinghua Bay. The MPI formula is: MPI = 10(2+k)[ (Ai - Bi)]/S1+k +50. Where Ai and Bi are respectively the cumulative % dominance for density and biomass in the ith species rank, S = the number of species in the sam...
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