Synthesis Of Amphiphilic Catalyst And Study Its Mechanism For Heavy Oil By Aquathermolysis Reaction

The aquathermolysis reaction brought the new idea to the exploitation of heavy oil, especially to the extra-heavy oil. The selection of an appropriate catalyst is evidently the key role to improve aquathermolysis. The temperature of catalysts usually applied in aquathermalysis (more than 240℃) are higher than the reservoir under steam injection conditions, and the catalysts are insufficient contact with heavy oil molecules in the reservoir, which can decrease the catalytic efficiency. Therefore, synthesis of new catalysts which can contact the heavy oil sufficiently and maximize its catalysis at 200℃will be beneficial in the catalytic aquathermolysis even for the exploitation of extra-heavy oil, which are very important to meet the future demand for petroleum products and exploitation of worldwide heavy oil.Firstly, we studied the chemical and physical properties of Shengli Sanjiasi extra-heavy oils, and revealed the high viscosity reasons of extra-heavy oil. Nano-nickel and amphiphilic nickel chelate catalyst were prepared by microemulsion and other methods, and we studied them synthetic process and performance. We studied the pyrolysis of extra-heavy oil under the conditions of without water, with water and with catalysts. The high-pressure reactor and the system of steam drive linear model were used in the experiments. We studied the mechanism of catalytic aquathermolysis of extra-heavy oil by using gas chromatography (GC), fourier elemental analysis (EL), molecular weight analysis (VPO), transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and chemical molecular simulation technology.The results showed that the nano-nickel and amphiphilic nickel chelate catalyst had a good catalytic performance in the aquathermolysis, and they also had the the stabilization to salt, and the trait of universality. The hot water could promote the aquathermolysis of extra-heavy oil, but but the level was limited. A lot of polymerize reactions happended in the course of aquathermolysis, the effect of the nano-nickel and amphiphilic nickel chelate catalyst not only slowed down the polymerize reactions but also speeded up the aquathermolysis. The nano-nickel and amphiphilic nickel chelate catalyst promoted the reactions of heavy resin and asphaltene were converted into lighter saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons of the heavy oil. Amphiphilic catalyst contained catalytic particles or groups, which can be dispersed more evenly into the oil and enhance its catalysis. It existted the synergism reactions between high temperature water and catalyst during the catalytic aquathermolysis, many reactions happened such pyrolysis, hydrogenation, ring opening, ring closing, desulfuration of C-S,C-N,C-O,C-C and C=S,C=O,C=N,S=O, which resulted in decreasing of suface area,volume,hydrophobic,refractive index and polarity of resins and asphaltenes. It may break hydrogen bonding or van der Waals forces between molecules, and lead to the viscosity reduction and quality improve of extra-heavy oil. We systemic stuied on the mechanism of catalyatic aquathermolysis for heavy oil:①The effect of hot water;②The effect of hydrogen;③The pyrolysis of asphaltene;④The dilution effeet of light hydroearbons;⑤The forces between moleculars deereased;⑥The catalytic and upgrading effects of catalyst. The pyrolysis of asphaltene played a key role in viscosity and average molecular reduction during the catalytic aquathermolysis. In conclusion, extra-heavy oil could be upgraded greatly and recovered by aquathemolysis with the amphiphilic catalysts in this thesis. As a result, the extra-heavy oils were cleaved and upgraded, viscosity reduction obtained, the recovery enhanced.