| Bamboo shavings (Caulis bamfusae in taeniam), which are the intermediate layer of the stems of Bambusa tuldoides Munro, Sinocalamus beecheyana var. pubescens P.F. Li or Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henonis (Mitf.) Stapf ex Rendle, are perennial plants of the family Gramineae. WEBS, which is prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from bamboo shavings. It is water soluble, yellow or light yellow, aroma of bamboo leaves and much stable with no change during two years storage. However, a few scientific researches were performed about it. Based on this background, this study is carried out. First, ethyl acetate, trichloromethane and n-butyl alcohol was used to analyze the volatile components and other bioactive substances were determined. WEBS was evaluated for its antimicrobial action against the range of foodborne and food spoilage pathogens using agar disc diffusion assay in Nutrient Agar and Czapek Dox Agar media. Different heat conditions were selected to treat WEBS to test its antibacterial ability.The inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in cultured B16 melanoma cells were evaluated; The sunscreen ability of WEBS was evaluated with arbutin and market products as comparison. At last, the safety of WEBS was evaluated. Results were summarized as follows:(i). The results show the flavonoids, triperpenoids, phenolic acids, total sugar and anthraquinone of WEBS was 0.24mg/mL,3.65mg/mL,0.20 mg/mL,0.80mg/mL and 5.18μg/mL respectively.28 volatile compounds were determined and most are ketone, furanone, etc. The oxide compound of middle lenths with C6-C8 was dominated.(ii). WEBS exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia.coli, Aspergillus niger, Penicilliun citrinum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a concentration-dependent relationships. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against the tested bacterial strains were found in the range of 4.9-32 mg/mL using the two-fold dilution method. Different heat treatment conditions have no significant influence on the antibacterial activity especially the heat method of 121℃,4s which shows that the antibacterial components of WEBS was much stable with heat treatment.(iii). The experiment takes malignant melanoma cells (B—16 cells) of mice as cell strains tested, and takes arbutin (a natural plant extract) and hydroquinone (a chemical substance) as positive control. Research on the whitening effect of WEBS was done through experiments on proliferation rate of melanocytes, content of melanin in cells, activity of tyrosinase in cells, cytotoxicity and inhibition of activity of mushroom tyrosinase in vitro, etc.. The result showed WEBS has strong inhibitory effects against the activity of tyrosinase in B-16 in a dose-dependent manner, and which was higher than that of arbutin at the same dose. The melanin content was significantly inhibited by WEBS with dose dependant and the cytotoxicity of WEBS was lower than that of arbutin and hydroquinone. WEBS in different treatment levels could inhibit mushroom tyrosinase and the maximum was 89.05% at 16mg/mL with IC50 6 mg/mL. The cytotoxicity of EBS was lower than arbutin and hydroquinone with the same concentration; the cell density fell down and the damage to cell morphology was relatively slight.(iv). UV spectrophotometry of sunscreen and the UV absorbance stability of WEBS were studied through the microbiology experiment. The results show that WEBS has strong ability to absorb UVC. The ability of UV sbsorbance comply with the requirements with a concentration-dependent relationships. The water contents of skin was much higher with less water loss, it is indicated that WEBS was perfect nature sunscreen ingredients.(v). Activity of each group of animals was all normal with good hair gloss and no toxicity symptom and death in the period of test, there was no abnormality after the animals were anatomized. The LD50 of WEBS to female and male mice was both bigger than 5000mg/kg belonged to the actual non-toxic level. The average score of skin irritation reaction of each animal each day was 0 in the repeated irritation test of tested sample on rabbits and there was no irritation. The average score of irritation to eyes of rabbits by the tested sample was cornea:0; iris:0; conjunctiva:0. under the test condition of no wash and there was no irritation.In conclusion, WEBS was enriched flavonoids, triperpenoids, total sugar and organic acids and it exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia.coli, Aspergillus niger, Penicilliun citrinum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a concentration-dependent relationships.Paticularly, it can inhibit the formation of melanoma through multiple ways, can be exploited in for skin lightening and sucscreen.
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